Emrat e diktator\u00ebve m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjaksh\u00ebm t\u00eb shekullit XX-t\u00eb, jan\u00eb sinonim i s\u00eb keqes. Hitleri, Pol Poti, Stalini:madje t\u00eb qesh\u00ebsh me ta, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shaka pa krip\u00eb. E megjithat\u00eb, emri i nj\u00eb tirani vazhdon t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb ndikim sado modest. N\u00eb fakt, shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz e fyejn\u00eb. Fytyra e tij, gjendet n\u00eb pothuajse \u00e7do kart\u00ebmonedh\u00eb n\u00eb qarkullim n\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb e dyt\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe n\u00eb bot\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Mij\u00ebra njer\u00ebz, q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb \u00e7do dit\u00eb n\u00eb rradh\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb trupin e tij t\u00eb balsamosur n\u00eb nj\u00eb sarkofag prej xhami. Kur Barak Obama ishte president, nj\u00eb biznesen n\u00eb Kin\u00eb prodhoi nj\u00eb imazh q\u00eb p\u00ebrziente veshjen e despotit me fytyr\u00ebn e amerikanit, dhe e stampoi at\u00eb n\u00eb bluza.<\/p>\n
Shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz \u2013 duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe turist\u00ebt per\u00ebndimor\u00eb \u2013 i blen\u00eb ato. Edhe n\u00ebse mund t\u00eb mos e ken\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb re, se me at\u00eb gjest ata ishin duke e barazuar udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsin e Amerik\u00ebs, me nj\u00eb figur\u00eb q\u00eb shkaktoi dhjet\u00ebra miliona t\u00eb vdekur.<\/p>\n
Mao Ce Dun, ka qen\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb k\u00ebshtu:nj\u00eb despot, imazhi global i t\u00eb cilit u formua dhe u p\u00ebrshtat, pa marr\u00eb parasysh njeriun q\u00eb ai ishte. Ai nuk mbajti asnj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegjssi p\u00ebr tmerret q\u00eb shkaktoi \u2013 vrasjet e pronar\u00ebve t\u00eb tokave, persekutimet e intelektual\u00ebve, dhe urin\u00eb masive q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshiu vendin n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb viteve 1960.<\/p>\n
Libri i tij i Vog\u00ebl i Kuq, u lexua me padurim nga student\u00ebt rebel\u00eb n\u00eb kampuset per\u00ebndimore, po ashtu edhe n\u00eb bot\u00ebn n\u00eb zhvillim. Nuk ishte aspak e turpshme, po t\u00eb visheshe me nj\u00eb kostum si t\u00eb Maos. Nd\u00ebrsa Xhulia Lovell nga Birkbek, Universiteti i Londr\u00ebs, p\u00ebrshkruan n\u00eb librin e saj \u201cMaoizmi: Nj\u00eb histori globale\u201d, kryetarin abstrakt q\u00eb frym\u00ebzoi revolucionar\u00ebt n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn, nga mal\u00ebsit\u00eb e Perus\u00eb, n\u00eb xhunglat e Kamboxhias, nga kafenet\u00eb e Parisit n\u00eb SHBA-n\u00eb e mes-per\u00ebndimit.<\/p>\n
Ideologjia e Maos, e \u201cdistiluar\u201d n\u00eb disa epigrama t\u00eb ngurta (\u201ct\u00eb rebelohesh, \u00ebsht\u00eb e justifikueshme!\u201d, \u201ct\u2019i sh\u00ebrbejm\u00eb popullit!\u201d dhe \u201ct\u00eb bombardojm\u00eb selit\u00eb!\u201d,q\u00eb jan\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb ju duhet t\u00eb dini), ndihmoi n\u00eb nxitjen e vuajtjeve dhe trazirave jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb vendin e tij, por edhe anemban\u00eb bot\u00ebs.<\/p>\n
Ai ishte mendja pas Pol Potit, dhe fushave t\u00eb tij vrastare n\u00eb Kamboxhia. Ishte kulti i tij i personalitetit, ai q\u00eb inkurajoi nj\u00eb ziliqar si Kim Il Sung q\u00eb ta shtynte veten n\u00eb lart\u00ebsi t\u00eb ngjashme t\u00eb absurditetit; me Korean-verior\u00ebt q\u00eb mbeten edhe sot t\u00eb tmerruar prej tij.<\/p>\n
Kulti i Maos, nuk p\u00ebrfundoi me anarkin\u00eb e Revolucionit Kulturor n\u00eb vitet 1960-1970. Ai ka g\u00ebzuar nj\u00eb jet\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrhershme, q\u00eb nuk ka marr\u00eb v\u00ebmendjen q\u00eb meriton. Si\u00e7 pohon Lovell, paaft\u00ebsia e studimit t\u00eb ndikimit global t\u00eb Maoizmit, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm rezultat i pav\u00ebmendjes. \u201cAjo \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu pasoj\u00eb e suksesit t\u00eb post-maoist t\u00eb Kin\u00ebs, n\u00eb komunikimin e nj\u00eb narrative t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb s\u00eb kaluar\u00ebs s\u00eb tij\u201d- shkruan ajo.<\/p>\n
Imazhi i Maos, vazhdon t\u00eb manipulohet. Ai ka ende nj\u00eb joshje t\u00eb fuqishme n\u00eb Kin\u00eb dhe gjetk\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Origjina e legjend\u00ebs s\u00eb tij, i detyrohet shum\u00eb nj\u00eb amerikani. Zonja Lovell zbulon rolin befasues q\u00eb ka luajtur Edgar Snou n\u00eb krijimin e mitit t\u00eb Maos, m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb dekad\u00eb para se ai t\u00eb merrte pushtetin n\u00eb vitin 1949.<\/p>\n
Snou ishte nj\u00eb gazetar, q\u00eb arriti t\u00eb dep\u00ebrtoj\u00eb n\u00eb zon\u00ebn e larg\u00ebt veri-per\u00ebndimore t\u00eb Kin\u00ebs, ku p\u00ebrfunduan Mao dhe pasuesit e tij pas Marshimit t\u00eb Gjat\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u2019i shp\u00ebtuar forcave t\u00eb \u00c7ang Kai Shis\u00eb. Libri q\u00eb ai shkroi mbi bazat guerile dhe takimet e tij me Maon, \u201cYlli i kuq mbi Kin\u00ebn\u201d, i botuar n\u00eb vitin 1937, u b\u00eb nj\u00eb bestseller nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar.<\/p>\n
Asnj\u00eb gazetar tjet\u00ebr, nuk kishte pasur nj\u00eb qasje t\u00eb till\u00eb. P\u00ebrshkrimi i Maos nga Snou, asokohe n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb t\u00eb 40-ave, si nj\u00eb idealist q\u00eb donte t\u00eb shp\u00ebtonte Kin\u00ebn nga autokracia e korruptuar e \u00c7ang Kai Shis\u00eb, dhe t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtonte nj\u00eb vend demokratik, e magjepsi bot\u00ebn. Si\u00e7 shprehej Snou, q\u00ebllimi i Maos ishte t\u00eb nd\u00ebrgjegjesonte kinez\u00ebt \u201cp\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur besim tek t\u00eb drejtat e njeriut\u201d, dhe t\u2019i bindte ata \u201ct\u00eb luftojn\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb jet\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb, barazis\u00eb, liris\u00eb dhe dinjitetit njer\u00ebzor\u201d. E \u00e7far\u00eb mund t\u00eb ishte e pak\u00ebndshme tek kjo?<\/p>\n
Libri i Snou, thot\u00eb zonja Lovell, \u201ce p\u00ebrshkroi Maon si nj\u00eb personalitet politik komb\u00ebtar dhe global, p\u00ebrpara se n\u00eb Partin\u00eb Komuniste Kineze t\u00eb lindte Maoizmi\u201d. P\u00ebrkthim kinez i librit, i joshi kinez\u00ebt e mir\u00ebarsimuar t\u00eb qyteteve t\u00eb shkonin pas Maos. Jasht\u00eb vendit, ai u shnd\u00ebrrua n\u00eb nj\u00eb doracak p\u00ebr partizan\u00ebt anti-nazist\u00eb n\u00eb Rusi, p\u00ebr gueril\u00ebt Huk n\u00eb Filipine, dhe p\u00ebr revolucionar\u00ebt anti-britanik\u00eb n\u00eb Indi.<\/p>\n
Ai lib\u00ebr ishte, thot\u00eb Lovell, nj\u00eb \u201ctekst thelb\u00ebsor\u201d p\u00ebr mij\u00ebra indian\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt u bashkuan me nj\u00eb kryengritje maoiste, q\u00eb ende vlon atje. P\u00ebrshkrimet e Lovell p\u00ebr k\u00ebto (dhe t\u00eb tjera) fillesa globale t\u00eb maoizmit, jan\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb-hulumtuara. Ajo e p\u00ebrfundon librin e saj, duke shqyrtuar jet\u00ebn n\u00eb Kin\u00eb pas vdekjes s\u00eb Maos.<\/p>\n
Aty \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e dukshme, r\u00ebnd\u00ebsia e besimit. Pas shum\u00eb vitesh, gjat\u00eb t\u00eb cilave Mao \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb i margjinalizuar n\u00eb kultur\u00ebn politike kineze, udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsi aktual i Kin\u00ebs, Xi Jinping, po p\u00ebrpiqet t\u00eb rivendos\u00eb autoritetin e kryetarit t\u00eb ndjer\u00eb. Ai ka urdh\u00ebruar an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e partis\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb pastrojn\u00eb ideologjin\u00eb maoiste.<\/p>\n
Sukseset e Kin\u00ebs, gjat\u00eb epok\u00ebs s\u00eb fundit t\u00eb \u201creformimit dhe hapjes\u201d, nuk duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr t\u00eb hedhur posht\u00eb aspiratat e dikurshme n\u00ebn Mao, k\u00ebmb\u00ebngul ai. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb Xi \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb personazhet m\u00eb t\u00eb dashura t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebsve t\u00eb mendimeve t\u00eb Maos n\u00eb Kin\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt druhen prej koh\u00ebsh nga l\u00ebvizja e partis\u00eb drejt kapitalizmit t\u00eb tregut t\u00eb lir\u00eb. Ata e admirojn\u00eb simpatin\u00eb e tij, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb lloj ekonomie m\u00eb t\u00eb udh\u00ebhequr nga shteti.<\/p>\n
Kjo b\u00ebhet gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, n\u00ebse kihet parasysh politika e jashtme e zoti Xi. Libri i zonj\u00ebs Lovell, ofron nj\u00eb kujtes\u00eb t\u00eb vlefshme se n\u00ebn Maon, Kina donte t\u00eb ishte lidere e nj\u00eb revolucioni global. Udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsit e m\u00ebvonsh\u00ebm kinez\u00eb, u p\u00ebrpoq\u00ebn ta minimizojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb aspekt t\u00eb maoizmit, t\u00eb frik\u00ebsuar ndoshta se mos ushqenin dyshimet per\u00ebndimore ndaj komunizmit kinez. M\u00ebegjithat\u00eb, Xi e ka b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb qart\u00eb se ai d\u00ebshiron ta b\u00ebj\u00eb Kin\u00ebn nj\u00eb lojtare qendrore n\u00eb sken\u00ebn bot\u00ebrore. Ai thot\u00eb se socializmi i stilit kinez, ka \u201chapur nj\u00eb shteg t\u00eb ri\u201d p\u00ebr vendet e tjera. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb fjal\u00eb, q\u00eb i b\u00ebjn\u00eb jehon\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebs.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb k\u00ebto arsye, analogjia \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb q\u00ebndroj\u00eb m\u00eb k\u00ebmb\u00eb. Xi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb mision revolucionar. Ai d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb \u200b\u200bglobale t\u00eb sigurt p\u00ebr komunizmin kinez, por jo ta konvertoj\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn n\u00eb t\u00eb. Ai nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebs i kryengritjeve. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb i lumtur t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie miq\u00ebsore me fuqit\u00eb jo komuniste, n\u00eb rast se ato nuk sfidojn\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e tij p\u00ebr t\u00eb sunduar.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb sht\u00ebpi zoti Xi \u00a0ep\u00ebrdor maoizmin, si nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb imponuar disiplin\u00ebn partiake:duke p\u00ebrdorur fjal\u00ebt e kryetarit p\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebshmuar besnik\u00ebrin\u00eb ndaj partis\u00eb. Xi nuk do q\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e parties, t\u00eb mos ta marrin shum\u00eb fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr fjal\u00eb ideologjin\u00eb maoiste.<\/p>\n
Tek e fundit, si\u00e7 thot\u00eb zonja Lovell, Mao \u201czot\u00ebronte nj\u00eb gjenialitet\u201d p\u00ebr teorit\u00eb q\u00eb justifikonin mosp\u00ebrputhjen dhe kontradiktat. Kur \u201cka kaos t\u00eb madh n\u00ebn Qiell, situata \u00ebsht\u00eb e shk\u00eblqyer\u201d, thoshte ai. Xi nuk d\u00ebshiron nj\u00eb anarki n\u00eb stilin e Gardist\u00ebve t\u00eb Kuq q\u00eb shkaktoi Mao, pasi druhet se partia nuk do t\u2019i mbijetonte dot.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb shum\u00eb aspekte, ai \u00ebsht\u00eb e kund\u00ebrta e Maos. Ai d\u00ebshiron me \u00e7do kusht stabilitet. Megjithat\u00eb, si\u00e7 thot\u00eb n\u00eb librin e saj zonja Lovell:\u201dSi nj\u00eb virus q\u00eb q\u00ebndron zakonisht n\u00eb gjum\u00eb, maoizmi ka d\u00ebshmuar nj\u00eb talent t\u00eb fort\u00eb dhe global, p\u00ebr t\u00eb vepruar n\u00eb fsheht\u00ebsi\u201d.<\/p>\n
\u201cThe Economist\u201d \u2013 Bota.al<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Emrat e diktator\u00ebve m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjaksh\u00ebm t\u00eb shekullit XX-t\u00eb, jan\u00eb sinonim i s\u00eb keqes. Hitleri, Pol Poti, Stalini:madje t\u00eb qesh\u00ebsh me ta, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shaka pa krip\u00eb. E megjithat\u00eb, emri i nj\u00eb tirani vazhdon t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb ndikim sado modest. N\u00eb fakt, shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz e fyejn\u00eb. Fytyra e tij, gjendet n\u00eb pothuajse \u00e7do kart\u00ebmonedh\u00eb n\u00eb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9864,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,4],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n