Nga Joakim Becker<\/p>\n
Mynih \u2013 Volksvagen d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb b\u00ebhet prodhuesi m\u00eb i madh n\u00eb bot\u00eb i automjeteve \u00a0miq\u00ebsore me mjedisin, me 100.000 makina elektrike n\u00eb vit duke filluar nga viti 2020, dhe nj\u00eb milion\u00eb nga viti 2025. Aty kur fuqia e karburantit fosil ka l\u00ebn\u00eb njolla ndotjeje t\u00eb sh\u00ebmtuara, ekuilibri mjedisor duhet t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb past\u00ebrtin\u00eb.<\/p>\n
\u201cKur themi se po i japim qytetar\u00ebve nj\u00eb automjet neutral ndaj karbonit, kjo natyrisht p\u00ebrfshin prodhimin e qelizave t\u00eb baterive\u201d- thot\u00eb Tomas Ulbrih, an\u00ebtar i Bordit t\u00eb Menaxhimit t\u00eb Volksven dhe p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebr E-Mobility. Po \u00e7\u2019mund t\u00eb thuhet p\u00ebr materialet e bateris\u00eb?<\/p>\n
Ulbrih nuk duket se ka ndonj\u00eb gj\u00eb t\u00eb re p\u00ebr t\u00eb th\u00ebn\u00eb, n\u00eb lidhje me asgj\u00ebsimin e baterive.<\/p>\n
E v\u00ebrteta \u00ebsht\u00eb se nuk ka ende nj\u00eb sistem riciklimi, p\u00ebr sasit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha t\u00eb baterive t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr kalimin t\u00ebr\u00ebsor tek automjetet elektrike.<\/p>\n
Deri tani, cikli jet\u00ebsor i baterive t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura, ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb zinxhir i shk\u00ebputur. Gjysma e t\u00eb gjitha baterive portative n\u00eb treg, zhduken pa l\u00ebn\u00eb gjurm\u00eb. K\u00ebt\u00eb e ka treguar instituti gjerman p\u00ebr hulumtime mjedisore, \u00d6ko-Institut, n\u00eb nj\u00eb studim t\u00eb ri p\u00ebr llogari t\u00eb BE-s\u00eb.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb vend se t\u00eb ndahen ve\u00e7mas dhe t\u00eb riciklohen, 35.000 ton baterish p\u00ebrfunduan n\u00eb mbetjet sht\u00ebpiake n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn, vet\u00ebm n\u00eb vitin 2015. \u00a0Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb sa 16 p\u00ebr qind e 212.000 ton\u00ebve q\u00eb jan\u00eb hedhur n\u00eb treg n\u00eb at\u00eb vit. P\u00ebr t\u00eb mos p\u00ebrmendur shum\u00eb bateri dhe paisje t\u00eb vogla, q\u00eb jan\u00eb hedhur n\u00ebp\u00ebr koshat e plehrave.<\/p>\n
Edhe Gjermania nuk arriti t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbush\u00eb kuot\u00ebn e grumbullimit t\u00eb parashikuar t\u00eb BE-s\u00eb, prej 45 p\u00ebr qind p\u00ebr mbetjet elektronike n\u00eb vitin 2016. Duke filluar nga viti 2019, BE-ja do ta ngrej\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kuot\u00eb n\u00eb 65 p\u00ebr qind. T\u00eb ardhurat nga shitja e materialeve t\u00eb ricikluara, nuk i tejkalojn\u00eb kostot e grumbullimit, \u00e7montimit dhe riciklimit.<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e madhe k\u00ebtyre mbeturinave, do t\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb rrjedhin n\u00eb kanale t\u00eb err\u00ebta. Akademia Gjermane e Shkencave t\u00eb Inxhinieris\u00eb (Acatech), beson se 25-30 p\u00ebr qind t\u00eb mbeturinave elektronike t\u00eb prodhuara n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb, do t\u00eb eksportohen ilegalisht \u2013 p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb baterit\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Askush nuk d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb dij\u00eb, se \u00e7far\u00eb ndodh sakt\u00ebsisht me mbetjet e rrezikshme n\u00eb rajonet me standarde t\u00eb ul\u00ebta mjedisore. Dhe kjo situat\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb se do t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb, me automjetet elektrike t\u00eb eksportuara n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb ose n\u00eb Europ\u00ebn Lindore n\u00eb fund t\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre.<\/p>\n
\u201cBaterit\u00eb e vjetra t\u00eb litiumit nuk kan\u00eb ndonj\u00eb vler\u00eb n\u00eb treg, ndryshe nga ajo q\u00eb kishin pritur shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz\u201d- thot\u00eb Falk Petrikovski, ekspert i baterive n\u00eb Agjencin\u00eb Gjermane t\u00eb Mjedisit. \u201cRiciklimi \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb proces i shtrenjt\u00eb, pjes\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb komponent\u00ebve t\u00eb shumt\u00eb, dhe zb\u00ebrthimit kompleks t\u00eb baterive t\u00eb ndryshme. T\u00eb ardhurat nga shitja e materialeve t\u00eb ricikluara, nuk i tejkalojn\u00eb kostot e grumbullimit, \u00e7montimit dhe riciklimit\u201d.<\/p>\n
Gj\u00ebrat duken m\u00eb mir\u00eb me baterit\u00eb e vjetra t\u00eb automobilave, q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndezur motor\u00ebt e makinave tradicionale:Tre t\u00eb kat\u00ebrtat e baterive prej plumbi, jan\u00eb t\u00eb lehta p\u00ebr t\u2019u ricikluar dhe mund t\u00eb blihen p\u00ebr nj\u00eb \u00e7mim prej rreth 500 euro p\u00ebr ton. Shkalla e riciklimit pothuajse 100 p\u00ebr qind, tregon se nj\u00eb biznesi i till\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb fitimprur\u00ebs.<\/p>\n
Megjithat\u00eb, baterit\u00eb me acid plumbi jan\u00eb jasht\u00eb koh\u00ebs, pasi jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha dhe shum\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnda n\u00eb lidhje me kapacitetin e tyre. Popullariteti n\u00eb rritje i bi\u00e7ikletave elektrike, po vendos n\u00eb treg sasi t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb baterive litium-jon, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnda sesa ato n\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb vogla, por q\u00eb nuk zgjasin mesatarisht m\u00eb shum\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Q\u00eb nga viti 2012, Volksvagen \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb ashtuquajturin \u201cLithoRec\u201d (riciklimi i baterive me litium-jon), i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur shkenc\u00ebrisht nga Universiteti i Mynsterit dhe nga Universiteti i Teknologjis\u00eb n\u00eb Braunshveig. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb qytet u nd\u00ebrtua \u00a0n\u00eb vitin 2016, nj\u00eb fabrik\u00eb e vog\u00ebl pilot p\u00ebr p\u00ebrpunimin e baterive t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura.<\/p>\n
Instituti \u00d6ko, thot\u00eb se ky proces ka nj\u00eb ekuilib\u00ebr t\u00eb mir\u00eb mjedisor:\u00cbsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb riciklohen jo vet\u00ebm metale t\u00eb tilla si kobalti, nikeli dhe mangani, por edhe litiumi, n\u00eb nj\u00eb proces ku 100 p\u00ebr qind e k\u00ebtyre materialeve, mund t\u00eb rip\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb bateri t\u00eb reja. Por procesi nuk ka ende nj\u00eb kosto efektive.<\/p>\n
Deri tani, nj\u00eb \u201ccik\u00ebl jet\u00ebsor i q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm\u201d, ka qen\u00eb shum\u00eb i shtrenjt\u00eb, pasi duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren shum\u00eb pun\u00eb manuale dhe energji p\u00ebr q\u00ebllime ricikluese. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, insituti llogarit q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkohet nj\u00eb mesatare prej 300 kilometrash, me q\u00ebllim q\u00eb t\u00eb transportohen baterit\u00eb nga nj\u00eb garazh i decentralizuar, n\u00eb nj\u00eb kompani industriale p\u00ebr mbledhjen e mbeturinave.<\/p>\n
Dhe p\u00ebr shkaqe sigurie, baterit\u00eb duhet t\u00eb transportohen n\u00eb r\u00ebr\u00eb, p\u00ebrndryshe baterit\u00eb e shkarkuara jo plot\u00ebsisht, mund t\u00eb ngrohen dhe ndoshta t\u00eb marrin flak\u00eb. Vitin e kaluar n\u00eb Kaliforni, 65 p\u00ebr qind e zjarreve n\u00eb vendgrumbullimet e mbeturinave, jan\u00eb shkaktuar nga baterit\u00eb litium-jon.<\/p>\n
Sesa efikase jan\u00eb proceset e riciklimit, kjo varet nga proceset e automatizuara t\u00eb \u00e7montimit dhe t\u00eb klasifikimit. \u201cMetodat e ndryshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura deri m\u00eb tani, ofrojn\u00eb potencial t\u00eb konsideruesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr optimizim ekologjik dhe ekonomik, p\u00ebrmes zhvillimit t\u00eb m\u00ebtejsh\u00ebm teknologjik dhe zhvillimit t\u00eb bim\u00ebve m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen\u201d- thot\u00eb Matias Busher, i cili drejton Departamentin e Burimeve dhe Transportit n\u00eb \u00d6ko-Institut.<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb problem \u00ebsht\u00eb kaosi sabsolut q\u00eb krijohet, kur \u00ebsht\u00eb fjala p\u00ebr llojet e baterive. Secili prodhues i trajton baterit\u00eb si nj\u00eb sekret tregtar, dhe ndryshon vazhdimisht kimin\u00eb e qeliz\u00ebs. Pa plane dhe specifikime t\u00eb sakta nd\u00ebrtimi, baterit\u00eb e p\u00ebrdorura shnd\u00ebrrohen n\u00eb nj\u00eb grumbull mbeturinash, n\u00eb vend t\u00eb materialeve t\u00eb pap\u00ebrpunuara me cil\u00ebsi t\u00eb lart\u00eb.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb SHBA, kompania \u201cApple\u201d d\u00ebshiron ta marr\u00eb procesin n\u00eb duart e veta, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtoj\u00eb pajisjet e saj t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht nga l\u00ebnd\u00ebt e para dyt n\u00eb nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb afatgjat\u00eb. Prodhuesi llogarit se 100.000 iPhone p\u00ebrmbajn\u00eb rreth 1900 kg alumin, 710 kg bak\u00ebr, 770 kg kobalt dhe 11 kg tok\u00eb t\u00eb rrall\u00eb. Deizi, nj\u00eb robot i nd\u00ebrtuar enkas p\u00ebr riciklimin, njeh planet e nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb 9 versioneve t\u00eb iPhone.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb vend t\u00eb shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrjes s\u00eb skrapit n\u00eb nj\u00eb furr\u00eb, ai \u00e7monton 200 smartfon\u00eb n\u00eb or\u00eb, me nj\u00eb sakt\u00ebsi kirurgjikale. Roboti riciklues, \u00ebsht\u00eb i disponuesh\u00ebm vet\u00ebm n\u00eb Breda t\u00eb Holand\u00ebs dhe n\u00eb Ostin t\u00eb Teksasit n\u00eb SHBA. N\u00ebse nj\u00eb e kat\u00ebrta e t\u00eb gjitha makinave t\u00eb reja, do t\u00eb jen\u00eb elektrike deri n\u00eb vitin 2025, si\u00e7 k\u00ebrkon Komisioni i BE-s\u00eb, kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se rreth 20 milion\u00eb makina elektrike do t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb rrug\u00ebt e Evrop\u00ebs.<\/p>\n
Agjencia gjermane e materialeve t\u00eb pap\u00ebrpunuara, DERA, pret nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb vjetore prej 700 gigavat n\u00eb or\u00eb p\u00ebr karrikimin e baterive deri n\u00eb vitin 2026, ku gati 2\/3 do t\u2019i duhet baterive p\u00ebr automjetet elektrike. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb ekuivalenti i 20 fabrikave Giga, si fabrika e baterive Tesla n\u00eb Nevada.<\/p>\n
Sipas DERA, k\u00ebrkesa vjetore p\u00ebr kobalt do t\u00eb dyfishohet n\u00eb rreth 225.000 ton\u00eb. Deri m\u00eb tani, vet\u00ebm 10 p\u00ebr qind e mineralit kalt\u00ebrosh vjen nga riciklimi. Asgj\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen e af\u00ebrt:Volksvagen, garanton pas 8 vitesh nj\u00eb kapacitet prej 80 p\u00ebr qind p\u00ebr baterit\u00eb e tij litium-jon.<\/p>\n
Pas k\u00ebsaj, ato mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren si nj\u00ebsi magazinimi stacionare, p\u00ebr shembull p\u00ebr sistemet fotovoltaike. Vet\u00ebm pas vitit 2025, do t\u00eb kthehen n\u00eb sasi t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb cik\u00ebl. Problemi \u00ebsht\u00eb se kjo do ta b\u00ebj\u00eb riciklimin edhe m\u00eb pak ekonomik, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb p\u00ebrqindjes s\u00eb ngushtuar t\u00eb materialit t\u00eb \u00e7muar.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebr momentin, Evropa dhe pjesa tjet\u00ebr e bot\u00ebs do t\u00eb varen p\u00ebr kobalt nga Kongo. \u201cEdhe projektet m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha q\u00eb po zhvillohen aktualisht jan\u00eb t\u00eb vendosura n\u00eb Kongo, aq shum\u00eb saq\u00eb p\u00ebrqendrimi i furnizimit do t\u00eb rritet n\u00eb mbi 70 p\u00ebr qind deri n\u00eb vitin 2026\u201d- thot\u00eb Sijamend Al Barazi, ekspert i kobaltit n\u00eb DERA.<\/p>\n
\u201cPor p\u00ebr shkak se zhvillimi i kapaciteteve t\u00eb reja prodhuese nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb ende n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb plan, mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb probleme t\u00eb konsiderueshme me furnizimin\u201d- shton ai. Agjencia e l\u00ebnd\u00ebve t\u00eb para, po merr tanim\u00eb parasysh nj\u00eb p\u00ebrzierje metalike t\u00eb ndryshuar p\u00ebr bateri litium-jon.<\/p>\n
Fal\u00eb zhvillimeve t\u00eb reja, p\u00ebrmbajtja e kobaltit, e cila siguron stabilitetin afatgjat\u00eb t\u00eb katodave, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjysmohet. \u00a0Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb lajm i mir\u00eb p\u00ebr konsumin e l\u00ebnd\u00ebve t\u00eb para, dhe sigurin\u00eb e furnizimit. Por kobalti nga Kongo, tregon an\u00ebn e pis\u00ebt t\u00eb revolucionit energjetik.<\/p>\n
Puna e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve dhe financimi n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritur i konflikteve t\u00eb armatosura, \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb skandale q\u00eb rrethojn\u00eb prokurimin e l\u00ebnd\u00ebve t\u00eb para. DERA thot\u00eb se kobalti ka rreziqet m\u00eb t\u00eb larta t\u00eb prokurimit t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha materialeve t\u00eb bateris\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb studim i Institutit Helmholtz n\u00eb Ulm p\u00ebr Ruajtjen e Energjis\u00eb Elektrokimike, thot\u00eb se k\u00ebrkesa p\u00ebr kobalt p\u00ebr prodhimin e baterive, do t\u00eb jet\u00eb 2 her\u00eb m\u00eb e lart\u00eb se sa rezervat e sotme t\u00eb identifikuara deri n\u00eb vitin 2050. Dhe n\u00eb at\u00eb moment, riciklimi do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje p\u00ebr jet\u00eb a vdekje p\u00ebr t\u00eb garantuar l\u00ebvizjen e njer\u00ebzve.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Nga Joakim Becker Mynih \u2013 Volksvagen d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb b\u00ebhet prodhuesi m\u00eb i madh n\u00eb bot\u00eb i automjeteve \u00a0miq\u00ebsore me mjedisin, me 100.000 makina elektrike n\u00eb vit duke filluar nga viti 2020, dhe nj\u00eb milion\u00eb nga viti 2025. Aty kur fuqia e karburantit fosil ka l\u00ebn\u00eb njolla ndotjeje t\u00eb sh\u00ebmtuara, ekuilibri mjedisor duhet t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb past\u00ebrtin\u00eb. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":972,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,8,3],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n