{"id":901,"date":"2019-02-10T10:39:02","date_gmt":"2019-02-10T09:39:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/redaktori.com\/?p=901"},"modified":"2019-05-18T18:16:35","modified_gmt":"2019-05-18T16:16:35","slug":"boris-pasternak-braktisi-muziken-e-psikologjine-per-tiu-perkushtuar-letersise-ja-historia-e-nobelistit-te-romanit-doktor-zhivago","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/redaktori.com\/?p=901","title":{"rendered":"Boris Pasternak, braktisi muzik\u00ebn e psikologjin\u00eb p\u00ebr t’iu p\u00ebrkushtuar let\u00ebrsis\u00eb\/ Ja historia e nobelistit t\u00eb romanit “Doktor Zhivago”"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u00eb\u00a010 shkurt 1890\u00a0lindi n\u00eb\u00a0Mosk\u00eb,\u00a0shkrimtari rus Boris Pasternak.<\/p>\n

Ai lindi n\u00eb Mosk\u00eb dhe ishte i biri i nj\u00eb artisti t\u00eb talentuar. Babai i tij ishte piktori q\u00eb ilustronte pun\u00ebt e Tolstoit, nd\u00ebrsa mamaja nj\u00eb pianiste shum\u00eb e njohur. Edukimi i tij do t\u00eb niste n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjimnaz gjerman dhe m\u00eb pas ai do t\u00eb vazhdonte nj\u00eb nga universitetet m\u00eb t\u00eb njohura n\u00eb Mosk\u00eb. E \u00e7uditshme sesi prind\u00ebrit e tij mendonin q\u00eb Pasternak do t\u00eb b\u00ebhej nj\u00eb muzikant i njohur. Duke ndjer\u00eb influenc\u00ebn q\u00eb Scriabin, kompozitori i njohur kishte te djaloshi nd\u00ebrsa e d\u00ebgjonte, ata vendos\u00ebn q\u00eb ta \u00e7onin t\u00eb studionte p\u00ebr gjasht\u00eb vjet muzik\u00eb. Por edhe pse kjo gjini artistike do t\u00eb ndryshonte ndjesit\u00eb e djaloshit, duke e b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb ndjesh\u00ebm n\u00eb vitin 1912, ai do t\u00eb braktiste studimet duke shkuar n\u00eb Universitetin e Marburg n\u00eb Gjermani p\u00ebr t\u00eb studiuar psikologji. Studimet n\u00eb psikologji do ta hidhnin at\u00eb dal\u00ebngadal\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb nga fushat q\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb do t\u00eb b\u00ebhej q\u00ebllimi kryesor i jet\u00ebs s\u00eb tij, let\u00ebrsia. Pas kat\u00ebr muajsh studime, ai udh\u00ebton drejt Italis\u00eb, kthehet s\u00ebrish n\u00eb Rusi dhe vendos t\u00eb studioj\u00eb let\u00ebrsi. Libri i tij i par\u00eb u botua n\u00eb vitin 1922 dhe quhej \u201cJeta e motr\u00ebs sime\u201d. Ky roman interesant do t\u00eb vinte n\u00eb sy t\u00eb kritik\u00ebs, e cila do ta quante at\u00eb nj\u00eb nga shkrimtar\u00ebt m\u00eb bashk\u00ebkohor\u00eb t\u00eb koh\u00ebs, n\u00eb Rusin\u00eb e atyre viteve. Pik\u00ebrisht gjat\u00eb k\u00ebsaj kohe, babai i tij do t\u2018i shkruante poetit t\u00eb njohur, Rilke, ku t\u2018i shprehej p\u00ebr talentin e djalit t\u00eb tij t\u00eb vet\u00ebm. Poeti gjerman do t\u00eb lexonte me v\u00ebmendje krijimet e djaloshit q\u00eb po t\u00ebrhiqte v\u00ebmendjen e rus\u00ebve, duke u shprehur se sheh nj\u00eb shkrimtar t\u00eb ardhsh\u00ebm. Kaq do t\u00eb mjaftonte q\u00eb djaloshi t\u2018i p\u00ebrkushtohej edhe m\u00eb tep\u00ebr k\u00ebtij pasioni, duke pasur nj\u00eb prodhimtari m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb n\u00eb ato vite pas botimit t\u00eb romanit t\u00eb par\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Ai vdiq m\u00eb 30 maj t\u00eb vitit 1960. I biri i tij e mori \u00e7mimin \u201cNobel\u201d t\u00eb t\u00eb atit n\u00eb ceremonin\u00eb q\u00eb u b\u00eb n\u00eb Stokholm n\u00eb vitin 1989. Ai tha vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb fjali \u201cPast\u00ebrnak e donte Rusin\u00eb\u201d. Gjith\u00e7ka \u00e7far\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruhet te \u201cDoktor Zhivago\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb dashuria e tij p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb vend dhe kjo gj\u00eb mund t\u00eb shihet edhe n\u00eb realizimin q\u00eb k\u00ebtij romani i ka b\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb film regjisori David Lean n\u00eb vitin 1965. Askush nuk mund t\u00eb dyshoj\u00eb te Past\u00ebrnak, askush nuk mund t\u00eb sjell\u00eb m\u00eb personazhet e tij t\u00eb thell\u00eb psikologjik\u00eb.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
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Historia e botimit t\u00eb ‘Doktor Zhivagos’ nga nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim sekret<\/h1>\n

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\u201cDoktor Zhivago\u201d nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr I bukur p\u00ebr dashurin\u00eb, por nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr q\u00eb vazhdon t\u00eb emancipoj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri. N\u00eb 57 vjetorin e ndarjes nga jeta t\u00eb Boris Past\u00ebrnak, botuesit e k\u00ebtij romani n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn kan\u00eb ribotuar librin e famsh\u00ebm t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha koh\u00ebrave. Doktor Zhivago \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr ka koh\u00eb, me shum\u00eb emocion, dhe personazhe q\u00eb t\u00eb ndjekin pas. Vet\u00ebm dy vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb u zbulua se gjat\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Ftoht\u00eb, CIA e p\u00ebrdori \u201cDoktor Zhivago\u201d si nj\u00eb mjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb minuar pushtetin e Bashkimit Sovjetik.<\/p>\n

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Nj\u00eb pako sekrete mb\u00ebrriti n\u00eb zyrat qendrore t\u00eb CIA-s n\u00eb Janar t\u00eb vitit 1985. Brenda ishin dy lista filmash nga Sh\u00ebrbimi i Fsheht\u00eb Britanik, fotot e faqeve t\u00eb nj\u00eb romani n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn Ruse titulluar \u201cDoktor Zhivago\u201d. Libri, i poetit Boris Pasternak, ishte ndaluar p\u00ebr publikim n\u00eb Bashkimin Sovjetik. Anglez\u00ebt kishin sugjeruar q\u00eb CIA t\u00eb d\u00ebrgonte kopjet e romanit pas perdes s\u00eb hekurt. Ideja, menj\u00ebher\u00eb fitoi mb\u00ebshtetje n\u00eb Uashington.<\/p>\n

\u201cKy lib\u00ebr kishte vlera t\u00eb m\u00ebdha propagandistike\u201d deklaroi nj\u00eb memo e CIA-s p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb shefat e deg\u00ebve t\u00eb agjencive t\u00eb Divizionit Sovjetik Rus: \u201cjo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr mesazhin e brendsh\u00ebm dhe natyr\u00ebn e mendimeve provokuese, por gjithashtu edhe p\u00ebr rrethanat e publikimit t\u00eb tij: ne kemi mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019i b\u00ebr\u00eb qytetar\u00ebt sovjetik\u00eb t\u00eb pyesin veten \u00e7far\u00eb nuk shkon me qeverin\u00eb e tyre, sidomos kur kryevepra e njeriut q\u00eb vler\u00ebsohet si shkrimtari m\u00eb i madh i gjall\u00eb rus nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i disponuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u2019u lexuar n\u00eb vendin e tij, n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn e tij, p\u00ebr popullin e tij.<\/p>\n

Memo-ja \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 130 dokumentet e sapo deklasifikuara t\u00eb CIA-s q\u00eb detajojn\u00eb p\u00ebrfshirjen sekrete t\u00eb agjencis\u00eb n\u00eb shtypjen e \u201cDoktor Zhivago\u201d- nj\u00eb plan i guximsh\u00ebm q\u00eb ndihmoi n\u00eb dor\u00ebzimin e librit n\u00eb duart e qytetar\u00ebve sovjetik\u00eb q\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb e kaluan mik pas miku, duke e lejuar t\u00eb qarkulloj\u00eb n\u00eb Mosk\u00eb dhe n\u00eb qytete t\u00eb tjera n\u00eb Bllokun Lindor.<\/p>\n

Publikimi i librit dhe m\u00eb von\u00eb marrja e \u00c7mimit Nobel n\u00eb Let\u00ebrsi nga Pasternaku shkaktoi nj\u00eb nga stuhit\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha kulturore t\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Ftoht\u00eb.P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb apelit t\u00eb fort\u00eb t\u00eb romanit dhe nj\u00eb filmi t\u00eb vitit 1965 t\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb at\u00eb lib\u00ebr, \u201cDoktor Zhivago\u201d mbetet nj\u00eb pik\u00eb referimi pune i let\u00ebrsis\u00eb artistike.<\/p>\n

Akoma pak lexues njohin se si romani elektrizoi nj\u00eb bot\u00eb t\u00eb ndar\u00eb n\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb madhe mes ideologjive konkurruese t\u00eb dy superfuqive. Roli i CIA-s- me publikimin e tij t\u00eb nj\u00eb botimi me kapak t\u00eb trash\u00eb n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn ruse shtypur n\u00eb Holand\u00eb dhe n\u00eb miniatur\u00eb, botim me kapak t\u00eb holl\u00eb t\u00eb shtypura n\u00eb selin\u00eb e CIA-s ka koh\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb fshehur.<\/p>\n

Dokumentet e publikuara rishtazi, megjithat\u00eb, tregojn\u00eb se operacioni p\u00ebr t\u00eb publikuar librin ishte drejtuar nga Divizioni Sovjetik Rus i CIA-s, t\u00eb monitoruara nga Drejtori i CIA-s Allen Dulles dhe miratuar nga bordi koordinues operacionues i presidentit D\u00ebight D. Eisenho\u00eber, i cili pas raportimit n\u00eb Keshillin e Sigurimit Komb\u00ebtar n\u00eb Sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e Bardh\u00eb i dha kontrollin ekskluziv CIA-s mbi shfryt\u00ebzimin e romanit. \u201cDora e qeveris\u00eb s\u00eb Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara duhej t\u00eb q\u00ebndronte e fshehte\u201d.<\/p>\n

CIA dashuronte let\u00ebrsin\u00eb<\/p>\n

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Gjat\u00eb luft\u00ebs s\u00eb ftoht\u00eb, CIA e dashuronte let\u00ebrsin\u00eb, romanet, novelat, poemat, Xhoisin, Heminguejn, Eliotin, Dostojevskin, Tolstoin, Nabokovin. Librat ishin arm\u00eb, dhe n\u00eb qoft\u00eb se nj\u00eb vep\u00ebr e let\u00ebrsis\u00eb ishte e padisponueshme ose e ndaluar n\u00eb Bashkimin Sovjetik apo Evrop\u00ebn Lindore ajo mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorej si propagand\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb sfiduar versionin sovjetik t\u00eb realitetit. Gjat\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Ftoht\u00eb deri n\u00eb 10 milion\u00eb kopje t\u00eb librave dhe revistave jan\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb fsheht\u00eb nga CIA prapa Perdes s\u00eb Hekurt si pjes\u00eb e fushat\u00ebs s\u00eb luft\u00ebs politike. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb aspekt, \u201cDoktor Zhivago\u201d ishte nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi e art\u00eb p\u00ebr CIA-n. Epike dhe autobiografike, romani i Pasternakut v\u00ebrtitet rreth mjekut-poet Yuri Zhivago- artit t\u00eb tij, dashuris\u00eb dhe humbjet n\u00eb dekadat e Revolucionit Rus t\u00eb vitit 1917. Zhivago \u00ebsht\u00eb alteregoja, uni i dyt\u00eb i Pasternak.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb dy, si personazhi ashtu edhe shkrimtari, q\u00eb ka lindur n\u00eb vitin 1890 vinin nga nj\u00eb e shkuar e humbur, mjedisi i kulturuar i elit\u00eb s\u00eb Mosk\u00ebs. P\u00ebr Bashkimin Sovjetik, kjo ishte nj\u00eb bot\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00ebse do t\u00eb risillej, duhej t\u00eb p\u00ebrbuzej.Pasternak e dinte se bota e botimeve sovjetike do t\u00eb zbythej nga toni i huaj i \u201cDoktor Zhivago\u201d besimi i tij i hapur, indiferenca e tij ndaj k\u00ebrkesave t\u00eb realizmit socialist dhe detyrimi p\u00ebr tu gjunj\u00ebzuar para revolucionit t\u00eb tetorit.<\/p>\n

Por Pasternak kishte shfaqur nj\u00eb guxim t\u00eb pazakont\u00eb: duke vizituar dhe duke u dh\u00ebn\u00eb para t\u00eb af\u00ebrmve t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve t\u00eb cil\u00ebt ishin d\u00ebrguar n\u00eb gulage, duke nd\u00ebrhyr\u00eb tek autoritet p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar m\u00ebshir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb akuzuarit p\u00ebr krimet politike, dhe duke refuzuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb n\u00ebnshkruar peticione t\u00eb sajuara duke k\u00ebrkuar ekzekutimin p\u00ebr ata armiq t\u00eb caktuar t\u00eb shtetit.<\/p>\n

\u201cMos m\u00eb b\u00ebrtisni mua\u201d iu tha ai pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsve n\u00eb nj\u00eb mbledhje publike kur iu nd\u00ebrpre fjala nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb ishte duke pohuar se shkrimtar\u00ebve nuk duhej tu jepen urdhra. \u201cPor n\u00eb qoft\u00eb se ju duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebrtisni t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn mos e b\u00ebni at\u00eb nj\u00ebz\u00ebri\u201d. Pasternak nuk e ndjeu t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb vene artin e tij n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb k\u00ebrkesave t\u00eb shtetit. Sakrifikimi i romanit do t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebnte nj\u00eb m\u00ebkat ndaj gjenialitetit t\u00eb tij.<\/p>\n

Si rezultat, komisioni letrar sovjetik e censuroi \u201cDoktor Zhivago\u201d\u201d Fatmir\u00ebsisht p\u00ebr Pasternakun, nj\u00eb botues nga Milano kishte marr\u00eb nj\u00eb kopje t\u00eb dor\u00ebshkrimit nga nj\u00eb informator italian q\u00eb punonte n\u00eb Mosk\u00eb. N\u00eb qershor 1956, Pasternak n\u00ebnshkroi nj\u00eb kontrat\u00eb me botuesin, Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, i cili do ti rezistonte t\u00eb gjitha p\u00ebrpjekjeve t\u00eb Pasternak dhe partis\u00eb komuniste italiane p\u00ebr t\u00eb censuruar librin. N\u00eb n\u00ebntor t\u00eb vitit 1957, nj\u00eb botim n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn italiane i \u201cDoktor Zhivago\u201d u l\u00ebshua CIA pa nj\u00eb arm\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb Uashington, ekspert\u00ebt e \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve sovjetike shum\u00eb shpejt kuptuan se pse Moska e urrente librin \u201cDoktor Zhivago\u201d N\u00eb nj\u00eb memo n\u00eb korrik t\u00eb vitit 1958, Xhon Maury, shefi i divizionit p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtjet sovjetike, shkruan se libri ishte nj\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnim i qart\u00eb p\u00ebr bot\u00ebkuptimin q\u00eb Kremlin kishte sajuar. \u201cMesazhi humanist i Pasternak\u2014 se \u00e7do njeri ka t\u00eb drejt\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb jet\u00eb private dhe meriton respekt si qenie humane, pavar\u00ebsisht nga shtrirja e besnik\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb tij politike apo kontributit ndaj shtetit- \u2014 paraqet nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet themelore p\u00ebr maksim\u00ebn sovjetike t\u00eb sakrific\u00ebs s\u00eb individit p\u00ebr hir t\u00eb sistemit komunist\u201d- shkruan ai.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb nj\u00eb memo t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr pas shfaqjes s\u00eb romanit n\u00eb Itali, stafi i CIA rekomandon se \u201cDoktor Zhivago\u201d t\u00eb publikohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr maksimal t\u00eb botimeve t\u00eb huaja, p\u00ebr shp\u00ebrndarje maksimale t\u00eb lir\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00eb, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb fitonte respektin e merituar n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet \u00e7mimit Nobel. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb CIA shpresonte q\u00eb romani i Pasternak do t\u00eb t\u00ebrhiqte v\u00ebmendjen globale, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe nga Akademia Suedeze, nuk kishte asnj\u00eb shenj\u00eb se motivi i agjencis\u00eb p\u00ebr shtypjen e nj\u00eb botim n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn ruse ishte q\u00eb t\u00eb ndihmonte Pasternak t\u00eb fitonte \u00e7mimin, di\u00e7ka q\u00eb ka qene nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje spekulimi p\u00ebr disa dekada. Si objektivin e saj kryesor p\u00ebr shp\u00ebrndarje,<\/p>\n

Agjencia zgjodhi panairin e par\u00eb t\u00eb post-luft\u00ebs, Ekspozit\u00ebn Universale dhe Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb Brukselit n\u00eb vitin 1958. T\u00eb dyja, Shtetet e Bashkuara dhe Bashkimi Sovjetik kan\u00eb organizuar panaire t\u00eb m\u00ebdha p\u00ebr t\u00eb shfaqur m\u00ebnyrat e tyre konkurruese t\u00eb jet\u00ebs. \u00c7far\u00eb ishte ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht interesante p\u00ebr CIA-n: Panairi ofroi nj\u00eb nga ato rastet e rralla ku nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i madh i qytetar\u00ebve sovjetik\u00eb udh\u00ebtuan p\u00ebr nj\u00eb ngjarje n\u00eb Per\u00ebndim. Belgjika kishte l\u00ebshuar 16 000 viza p\u00ebr vizitor\u00ebt sovjetik\u00eb. Pas p\u00ebrpjekjes s\u00eb par\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb organizuar nj\u00eb shtypje t\u00eb fsheht\u00eb t\u00eb romanit me an\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb botuesi t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb Ne\u00eb Yorkut, CIA kontaktoi sh\u00ebrbimin e fsheht\u00eb Holandez, BVD-n\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Zyrtar\u00ebt e agjencis\u00eb kishin marr\u00eb informacione p\u00ebr nj\u00eb botim t\u00eb mundsh\u00ebm n\u00eb rusisht t\u00eb \u201cDoktor Zhvigago\u201d nga nj\u00eb sht\u00ebpi botuese n\u00eb Hag\u00eb dhe k\u00ebrkuan n\u00ebse mund t\u00eb siguronin tirazhin e par\u00eb t\u00eb kopjeve. T\u00eb dyja agjencit\u00eb e inteligjenc\u00ebs punuan ngusht\u00eb. CIA n\u00eb 1958 pagoi 50 nga 691 an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e stafit t\u00eb BVD-s\u00eb dhe agjent\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb holandez u trajnuan n\u00eb Uashington. Joop van der \u00cbilden, nj\u00eb oficer i BVD-s\u00eb, ishte d\u00ebrguar n\u00eb Ambasad\u00ebn Amerikan\u00eb n\u00eb Hag\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb diskutuar \u00e7\u00ebshtjen m\u00eb \u00cbalter Cini, nj\u00eb oficer i CIA-s i vendosur atje. Cini i tha atij se kjo do t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb pun\u00eb e nxituar, por CIA ishte e gatshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar dor\u00ebshkrimin dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb paguar mir\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb printim t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb \u201cDoktor Zhivago\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ai theksoi se nuk duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb gjurm\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshirjes s\u00eb SHBA-s\u00eb apo ndonj\u00eb agjencie tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimit t\u00eb fsheht\u00eb. N\u00eb fillim t\u00eb shtatorit t\u00eb vitit 1958, doli botimi i par\u00eb i \u201cDoktor Zhivago\u201d n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn Ruse, n\u00ebn sigl\u00ebn e Maouton Publishers n\u00eb Hag\u00eb. Librat, me flet\u00eb ngjyr\u00eb kafe, u paketuan n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e prapme t\u00eb nj\u00eb kamioni t\u00eb madh amerikan dhe u d\u00ebrguan n\u00eb sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e Cinit.<\/p>\n

200 kopje u d\u00ebrguan n\u00eb zyrat qendrore n\u00eb Uashington. Shum\u00eb nga librat e mbetur u d\u00ebrguan n\u00eb stacionet e CIA-s n\u00eb Europ\u00ebn Per\u00ebndimore, 200 n\u00eb Frankfurt, 100 n\u00eb Mynih, 25 n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr dhe 10 n\u00eb Paris. Pakoja m\u00eb e madhe, me 365 libra u d\u00ebrgua n\u00eb Bruksel. Doktor Zhivago\u201d nuk do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndahej n\u00eb stend\u00ebn e SHBA-s\u00eb n\u00eb panairin bot\u00ebror, por CIA kishte nj\u00eb aleat t\u00eb af\u00ebrt, Vatikanin. Stenda e Vatikanit u quaj \u201c Civitas Dei\u201d (Qyteti i Zotit), dhe emigrant\u00ebt Katolik\u00eb Rus\u00eb kishin ngritur nj\u00eb librari t\u00eb vog\u00ebl \u201cdisi t\u00eb fshehur\u201d.<\/p>\n

Atje, botimi i sponsorizuar CIA-i \u201cDoktor Zhivago\u201d u shp\u00ebrnda n\u00eb duart e qytetar\u00ebve sovjetik\u00eb. Shpejt, kopertinat ngjyr\u00eb blu t\u00eb librit po mbushnin sheshin e panairit. Disa prej atyre q\u00eb mor\u00ebn romanin e kishin hequr kapakun e librit, duke ndar\u00eb faqet dhe i futnin ato n\u00eb xhepat e tyre p\u00ebr ta b\u00ebr\u00eb librin m\u00eb t\u00eb leht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u fshehur. CIA ishte mjaft e k\u00ebnaqur me veten: \u201cKjo faz\u00eb mund t\u00eb konsiderohej e p\u00ebrfunduar me sukses\u201d thuhej n\u00eb nj\u00eb memo t\u00eb 10 shtator 1958. N\u00eb Bashkimin Sovjetik, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, fjala p\u00ebr botimin e romanit i erdhi shpejt Pasternakut.<\/p>\n

Ai i shkroi nj\u00eb mikut t\u00eb tij n\u00eb Paris, \u201c\u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb q\u00eb Doktor Zhivago u botua n\u00eb origjinal? Duket se vizitor\u00ebt n\u00eb nj\u00eb ekspozit\u00eb n\u00eb Bruksel e kan\u00eb par\u00eb at\u00eb\u201d. Kishte nj\u00eb problem: CIA kishte parashikuar q\u00eb botuesi holandez do t\u00eb n\u00ebnshkruante nj\u00eb kontrat\u00eb me Feltrinellin, botuesi Milanez i Pasternakut, dhe q\u00eb libri i shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb n\u00eb Bruksel duhej t\u00eb shihej si tirazh i atij botimi. Kontrata nuk u n\u00ebnshkrua kurr\u00eb, dhe botimi i shtypur n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn Ruse n\u00eb Hag\u00eb ishte i paligjsh\u00ebm. Botuesi Italian, q\u00eb mbante t\u00eb drejtat e \u201cDoktor Zhivago\u201d, ishte inatosur kur kishte m\u00ebsuar rreth shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb romanit n\u00eb Bruksel. Zhurma ngjalli interesin e shtypit dhe thashetheme, por kurr\u00eb nuk u konfirmua p\u00ebrfshirja e CIA-s.<\/p>\n

Agjent\u00ebt n\u00eb Uashington e shikonin mbulimin me disa druajtje, dhe n\u00eb 15 nentor 1985, p\u00ebrfshirja e CIA-s u p\u00ebrmend nga National Revie\u00eb Bulletin, nj\u00eb suplement i National Revie\u00eb, revista konservatore e themeluar nga \u00cbilliam F.Buckley Jr. Nj\u00eb shkrimtar duke p\u00ebrdorur pseudonimin Quincy v\u00ebrejti se kopjet e \u201cDoktor Zhivago\u201d\u201d ishte d\u00ebrguar pa shum\u00eb zhurm\u00eb n\u00eb stend\u00ebn e Vatikanit n\u00eb Bruksel CIA arriti n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin se botimi kishte shkaktuar efekte t\u00eb d\u00ebshirueshme dhe t\u00eb dukshme tek sovjetik\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrpjekjet e agjencis\u00eb, n\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit, u riaktivizuan kur Pasternak do t\u00eb fitonte \u00e7minin Nobel n\u00eb Let\u00ebrsi. Kremlini e konsideroi \u00e7mimin si nj\u00eb provokim anti-sovjetik, akuzoi autorin, dhe e detyroi Pasternakun ta refuzonte at\u00eb. CIA ka hartuar udh\u00ebzime t\u00eb holl\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr oficer\u00ebt e saj q\u00eb t\u2019i nxitnin turist\u00ebt per\u00ebndimor\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb folur p\u00ebr let\u00ebrsin\u00eb dhe \u201cDoktor Zhiovago\u201d me qytetar\u00eb sovjetik\u00eb q\u00eb ata mund t\u00eb takonin.<\/p>\n

Nxitur nga sulmet mbi Pasternak n\u00eb Mosk\u00eb dhe publiciteti nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar rreth fushat\u00ebs p\u00ebr ta demonizuar at\u00eb, Divizioni Rus i CIA-s filloi t\u00eb hartoj\u00eb planet p\u00ebr nj\u00eb botim n\u00eb miniatur\u00eb me kapak t\u00eb holl\u00eb. N\u00eb nj\u00eb memo t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebs drejtorit, shefi i Divizionit Maury tha se kishte \u201ck\u00ebrkesa t\u00eb m\u00ebdha nga ana e student\u00ebve dhe intelektual\u00ebve p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb kopje t\u00eb k\u00ebtij libri\u201d. Zyrtar\u00ebt n\u00eb agjenci kan\u00eb rishikuar t\u00eb gjitha v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb me botimin Mouton publikuar n\u00eb Holand\u00eb dhe argumentuan kund\u00ebr \u00e7do p\u00ebrfshirje t\u00eb jashtme n\u00eb nj\u00eb shtypje t\u00eb re.<\/p>\n

\u201cNga pik\u00ebpamjet e siguris\u00eb, problemet ligjore dhe teknike t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshira, \u00ebsht\u00eb rekomanduar q\u00eb nj\u00eb botim i zi ne miniatur\u00eb i \u201cDoktor Zhivagos\u201d t\u00eb shtypet n\u00eb zyrat q\u00ebndrore duke p\u00ebrdorur tekstin e par\u00eb t\u00eb Feltrinellit duke ia ngarkuar shtypjen nj\u00eb botuesi fiktiv.<\/p>\n

Agjencia e kishte shtypin e vet n\u00eb Uashington p\u00ebr t\u00eb printuar librat n\u00eb miniature dhe gjat\u00eb rrjedh\u00ebs s\u00eb luft\u00ebs s\u00eb ftoht\u00eb kishte printuar nj\u00eb librari t\u00eb vog\u00ebl let\u00ebrsie, \u00e7do lib\u00ebr ishte projektuar p\u00ebr t\u2019u p\u00ebrshtatur \u201cbrenda nj\u00eb kostumi burri ose xhepit te pantallonave\u201d.<\/p>\n

Nga korriku i vitit 1959, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 9000 kopje t\u00eb botimit n\u00eb miniatur\u00eb t\u00eb \u201cDoktor Zhivago\u201d u botuan n\u00eb nj\u00eb dhe dy seri v\u00ebllimi, kjo e fundit me sa duket p\u00ebr ta b\u00ebr\u00eb librin jo aq t\u00eb trash\u00eb dhe t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb p\u00ebr tu ndar\u00eb dhe fshehur. CIA u p\u00ebrpoq p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar iluzionin se botimi i romanit ishte b\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb Paris nga nj\u00eb nj\u00ebsi ekonomike fiktive, Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019Edition et d\u2019Impression Mondiale.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e CIA-s deklarojn\u00eb se librat n\u00eb miniatur\u00eb u miratuan nga \u201cagjent\u00ebt t\u00eb cil\u00ebt kishin kontaktuar me turist\u00ebt sovjetike dhe zyrtar\u00ebt n\u00eb Per\u00ebndim\u201d. 2000 mij\u00eb kopje t\u00eb k\u00ebtij botimi ishin vendosur m\u00ebnjan\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb tek student\u00ebt sovjetike dhe evropianolindor\u00eb n\u00eb Festivalin Bot\u00ebror t\u00eb Rinis\u00eb p\u00ebr Paqe dhe Miq\u00ebsi q\u00eb do t\u00eb mbahej n\u00eb 1959 n\u00eb Vjen\u00eb. U b\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje kolosale p\u00ebr t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb librat n\u00eb Vjen\u00eb- rreth 30.000 n\u00eb 14 gjuh\u00eb, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe librin \u201c1984\u201d t\u00eb Xhorxh Or\u00ebell.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrve\u00e7 botimeve ruse, planet ishin q\u00eb \u201cDoktor Zhivago\u201d t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndahej n\u00eb polonisht, gjermanisht, \u00e7ekisht, hungarisht dhe n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn Kineze n\u00eb festival. Prestigjiozja \u201cThe New York Times\u201d raportoi se disa pjes\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb delegacionit Sovjetik n\u00eb festivalin e Vjen\u00ebs \u201cd\u00ebshmuan nj\u00eb kuriozitet t\u00eb madh p\u00ebr romanin e Z. Pasternak, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb i disponuesh\u00ebm k\u00ebtu\u201d. Her\u00eb pas here ai nuk ishte vet\u00ebm i disponuesh\u00ebm por edhe i pashmangsh\u00ebm. Kur nj\u00eb varg autobus\u00ebsh Sovjetik\u00eb mb\u00ebrriti n\u00eb Vjen\u00ebn, turmat e emigrant\u00ebve rus\u00eb hodh\u00ebn tek dritaret e autobus\u00ebve kopjet n\u00eb miniatur\u00eb t\u00eb CIA-s.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb nj\u00eb rast tjet\u00ebr, nj\u00eb vizitor Sovjetik n\u00eb festivalin e t\u00eb rinjve kujton se kur u kthye n\u00eb autobus e gjeti kabin\u00ebn t\u00eb mbuluar me botimet n\u00eb miniatur\u00eb t\u00eb\u201cDoktor Zhivago\u201d \u201cAsnj\u00eb nga ne, sigurisht, nuk e ka lexuar librin por kishin frik\u00eb\u201d ai shkroi n\u00eb nj\u00eb artikull shum\u00eb vite m\u00eb von\u00eb. Student\u00ebt sovjetik\u00eb ishin t\u00eb v\u00ebzhguar nga KGB, agjent\u00ebt e s\u00eb cil\u00ebs ishin kamufluar si \u201cstudiues\u201d. K\u00ebta \u201cstudiues\u201d u treguan m\u00eb tolerant sesa pritej: Merreni, lexojeni, por mos e \u00e7oni me vete n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi\u201d, thoshin ata.<\/p>\n

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Boris Pasternak \u00a0u nda nga jeta m\u00eb\u00a030 maj 1960<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u00eb\u00a010 shkurt 1890\u00a0lindi n\u00eb\u00a0Mosk\u00eb,\u00a0shkrimtari rus Boris Pasternak. Ai lindi n\u00eb Mosk\u00eb dhe ishte i biri i nj\u00eb artisti t\u00eb talentuar. Babai i tij ishte piktori q\u00eb ilustronte pun\u00ebt e Tolstoit, nd\u00ebrsa mamaja nj\u00eb pianiste shum\u00eb e njohur. Edukimi i tij do t\u00eb niste n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjimnaz gjerman dhe m\u00eb pas ai do t\u00eb vazhdonte nj\u00eb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":902,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,10,19],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nBoris Pasternak, braktisi muzik\u00ebn e psikologjin\u00eb p\u00ebr t'iu p\u00ebrkushtuar let\u00ebrsis\u00eb\/ Ja historia e nobelistit t\u00eb romanit "Doktor Zhivago" - Informohu qart\u00ebsisht!<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/redaktori.com\/?p=901\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sq_AL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Boris Pasternak, braktisi muzik\u00ebn e psikologjin\u00eb p\u00ebr t'iu p\u00ebrkushtuar let\u00ebrsis\u00eb\/ Ja historia e nobelistit t\u00eb romanit "Doktor Zhivago" - Informohu qart\u00ebsisht!\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"M\u00eb\u00a010 shkurt 1890\u00a0lindi n\u00eb\u00a0Mosk\u00eb,\u00a0shkrimtari rus Boris Pasternak. 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