{"id":8372,"date":"2019-04-11T19:52:53","date_gmt":"2019-04-11T17:52:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/redaktori.com\/?p=8372"},"modified":"2019-04-11T19:52:53","modified_gmt":"2019-04-11T17:52:53","slug":"si-e-pushtuan-osmanet-kryeqytetin-e-bizantit-konstandinopojen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/redaktori.com\/?p=8372","title":{"rendered":"Si e pushtuan osman\u00ebt kryeqytetin e Bizantit, Konstandinopoj\u00ebn"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nga Mark Miller<\/p>\n

Konstandinopoja i kishte rezistuar p\u00ebr shum\u00eb shekujt sulmeve armike, derisa m\u00eb n\u00eb fund teknologjia e re \u2013 topat e m\u00ebdhenj t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Osmane \u2013 e gjunj\u00ebzuan kryeqytetin e Perandoris\u00eb Bizantine. R\u00ebnia e Konstandinopoj\u00ebs n\u00eb majin e vitit 1453, ishte fundi i nj\u00eb epoke p\u00ebr pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs dhe Lindjes s\u00eb Mesme.<\/p>\n

Pasi arm\u00ebt e m\u00ebdha b\u00ebn\u00eb pun\u00ebn e tyre, trupat osmane e pla\u00e7kit\u00ebn qytetin e lasht\u00eb, dhe masakruan banor\u00ebt e tij. Gati 4.000 persona u vran\u00eb, dhe 50.000 t\u00eb tjer\u00eb u mor\u00ebn si skllev\u00ebr. Shum\u00eb nga banor\u00eb kryen vet\u00ebvrasje, duke e ditur se \u00e7\u2019do t\u00eb thoshte t\u00eb p\u00ebrballeshe me ushtar\u00ebt osman\u00eb, apo\u00a0t\u00eb jetoje si skllav.<\/p>\n

Konstandinopoja, ishte kryeqyteti i Perandoris\u00eb Bizantine ose si\u00e7 quhej ndryshe Perandoria Romake Lindore. Ajo u b\u00eb gjithashtu nj\u00eb nga qytetet kryesore t\u00eb Krishterimit. Qyteti e mori k\u00ebt\u00eb em\u00ebr sipas Perandorit Kostandin, i cili sundoi n\u00eb shekullin IV-t\u00eb, gjat\u00eb dit\u00ebve t\u00eb para t\u00eb ngritjes s\u00eb Krishterimit.<\/p>\n

Sot qyteti quhet Stamboll, dhe shumica e banor\u00ebve t\u00eb saj jan\u00eb mysliman\u00eb. Pasojat e r\u00ebnies s\u00eb Konstandinopoj\u00ebs ishin t\u00eb tmerrshme p\u00ebr banor\u00ebt e qytetit, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt u p\u00ebrball\u00ebn me p\u00ebrdhunime, masakra dhe skllav\u00ebri.<\/p>\n

Bizantin\u00ebt arrit\u00ebn t\u2019i zmbrapsin sulmet e m\u00ebhershme<\/p>\n

Nga fillimi i shekullit XV-t\u00eb, Perandoria Bizantine kishte nisur t\u00eb rrudhej, kur osman\u00ebt nis\u00ebn t\u00eb rr\u00ebmbenin territoret e saj. Pos sulmi i osman\u00ebve nuk ishte i pari. Konstandinopoja kishte p\u00ebrballuar shum\u00eb t\u00eb tilla:n\u00eb shekujt VII-VIII nga arab\u00ebt, n\u00eb shekullin IX-X-t\u00eb nga bullgar\u00ebt, n\u00eb shekujt IX, X, XI nga rus\u00ebt, dhe n\u00eb shekullin IX nga sllav\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

N\u00eb shekullin e XIII ndodhi nj\u00eb sulm nga ana e kryqtar\u00ebve, i pasuar nga nj\u00eb pushtim i shkurt\u00ebr, p\u00ebr shkak se nj\u00ebra nga portat dal\u00ebse t\u00eb qytetit ishte l\u00ebn\u00eb e hapur. Forcat bizantine brenda qytetit dhe nj\u00eb flot\u00eb n\u00eb port, i penguan pushtuesit p\u00ebr shum\u00eb shekuj. Forcat e armatosura t\u00eb Konstandinopoj\u00ebs kishin nj\u00eb arm\u00eb sekrete t\u00eb quajtur Zjarri Grek, i cili ishte nj\u00eb l\u00ebng tep\u00ebr i ndezsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Muret e Konstandinopoj\u00ebs<\/p>\n

Por pasuria m\u00eb e madhe q\u00eb kishte qyteti, ishin muret e saj mbrojt\u00ebse dhe hendeku. N\u00eb shekullin e V-t\u00eb perandori Teodosi II, nd\u00ebrtoi mbrojtjen e qytetit duke ngritur nj\u00eb seri prej 3 muresh me nj\u00eb gjat\u00ebsi prej 6.5 kilometrash.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, Kostandinopoja ishte vendosur n\u00eb nj\u00eb gadishull, dhe rrethohej n\u00eb 3 an\u00ebt nga uji.<\/p>\n

Ishte shum\u00eb e leht\u00eb t\u00eb mbaheshin anijet armike jasht\u00eb portit, duke vendosur nj\u00eb zinxhir n\u00eb hyrje. Por k\u00ebt\u00eb her\u00eb, n\u00eb prillin e vitit 1453, vler\u00ebsohej se trupat q\u00eb mbronin muret e qytetit ishin vet\u00ebm 5.000, dhe qyteti kishte vet\u00ebm disa anije p\u00ebr t\u2019u mbrojtur nga anijet armike. Forcat bizantine ishin t\u00eb pakta, t\u00eb armosura dob\u00ebt, dhe shum\u00eb pak anije.<\/p>\n

Osman\u00ebt k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb dor\u00ebzimin e Konstandinopoj\u00ebs<\/p>\n

M\u00eb 5 prill, sulltani osman Mehmeti II, u vendos me ushtrin\u00eb e tij jasht\u00eb qytetit, duke i d\u00ebrguar fjal\u00eb Konstandinit IX t\u00eb dor\u00ebzonte qytetin. Konstantini nuk ktheu p\u00ebrgjigje. Mehmeti ishte i vendosur t\u00eb n\u00ebnshtronte kryeqytetin e lasht\u00eb, dhe ai kishte nj\u00eb forc\u00eb t\u00eb fuqishme q\u00eb e mb\u00ebshteste n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb synim.<\/p>\n

Mehmeti kishte di\u00e7ka q\u00eb nuk e kishin pasur t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ata q\u00eb kishin sulmuar me her\u00ebt Kostandinopoj\u00ebn:arm\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb rrethimit, t\u00eb projektuara nga nj\u00eb hungarez i quajtur Urban. Dhe Mehmeti kishte nj\u00eb forc\u00eb ushtarake q\u00eb vler\u00ebsohej nga 60.000- 200.000 njer\u00ebz. Ai gjithashtu kishte nj\u00eb flot\u00eb q\u00eb priste aty pran\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb hyr\u00eb n\u00eb port.<\/p>\n

Arm\u00ebt e rrethimit t\u00eb osman\u00ebve ishin t\u00eb frikshme. Nj\u00ebra nga arm\u00ebt ishte 9 metra e gjat\u00eb dhe 3 metra e gjer\u00eb. Ajo mund t\u00eb l\u00ebshonte nj\u00eb top prej 500 kilogram\u00ebsh, n\u00eb nj\u00eb distanc\u00eb prej m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 1.5 kilometrash. Arma do t\u00eb nxehej aq shum\u00eb, sa q\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorej vet\u00ebm 7 her\u00eb n\u00eb dit\u00eb. Por osman\u00ebt kishin topa t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm, q\u00eb mund t\u00eb gjuanin deri n\u00eb 100 her\u00eb n\u00eb dit\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb bombardim i pam\u00ebshirsh\u00ebm<\/p>\n

M\u00eb 6 prill, arm\u00ebt gjigante nis\u00ebn t\u2019i shkat\u00ebrronin muret e frikshme t\u00eb Konstandinopoj\u00ebs. Mbrojt\u00ebsit i hodh\u00ebn posht\u00eb sulmuesit nga vrimat e mureve, dhe u p\u00ebrpoq\u00ebn t\u2019i riparonin t\u00eb \u00e7arat vrima gjat\u00eb nat\u00ebs. Ata vet\u00eb gjuat\u00ebn me topa shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vegj\u00ebl. Mbrojt\u00ebsit e Konstandinopoj\u00ebs rezistuan p\u00ebr 6 jav\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Ata i zbraps\u00ebn p\u00ebr nj\u00eb far\u00eb kohe anijet osmane n\u00eb hyrje t\u00eb portit. Por osman\u00ebt nd\u00ebrtuan nj\u00eb platform\u00eb p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb vij\u00ebs s\u00eb rrethimit, dhe i transportuan nga toka 70 anijet e tyre deri n\u00eb port. Ata filluan t\u00eb bombardonin muret m\u00eb t\u00eb dob\u00ebta p\u00ebrbri detit.<\/p>\n

Rebelim n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi<\/p>\n

N\u00eb fund t\u00eb muajit maj, perandori osman m\u00ebsoi se disa nga n\u00ebnshtetasit e tij n\u00eb Azin\u00eb e Vog\u00ebl po rebeloheshin, tani q\u00eb ushtria ndodhej larg. Mehmeti i b\u00ebri nj\u00eb ofert\u00eb Konstandinit IX:Ky do t\u00eb paguante nj\u00eb hara\u00e7, dhe osman\u00ebt do t\u00eb t\u00ebrhiqeshin duke i dh\u00ebn\u00eb fund rrethimit.<\/p>\n

Mehmeti shpresonte t\u00eb kthehej shpejt n\u00eb Azin\u00eb e Vog\u00ebl, por Konstandini refuzoi. Dhe ky rezultoi nj\u00eb gabim tragjik. I t\u00ebrbuar nga inti, Mehmeti u tha njer\u00ebzve t\u00eb tij se mund ta pla\u00e7kisin qytetin dhe t\u00eb b\u00ebnin \u00e7do gj\u00eb me t\u00eb, kur ai t\u00eb kapitullonte. Dhe Konstandinopoja qe nj\u00eb nga qytetet m\u00eb t\u00eb pasura n\u00eb bot\u00eb.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb 29 maj, Mehmeti nisi nj\u00eb sulm total mbi qytetin, duke d\u00ebrguar trupa m\u00eb t\u00eb fuqishme kund\u00ebr saj n\u00eb 3 val\u00eb goditjesh. Sulmi i fundit nga jeni\u00e7er\u00ebt, trupat e tij elit\u00eb, solli shkat\u00ebrrimin e Konstandinopoj\u00ebs. S\u00ebrish, nj\u00eb port\u00eb e vog\u00ebl ishte l\u00ebn\u00eb e hapur n\u00eb nj\u00eb nga muret, e cila u lejoi jeni\u00e7er\u00ebve t\u00eb hynin n\u00eb qytet.<\/p>\n

Ata ngrit\u00ebn flamurin osman n\u00eb qytet, m\u00eb pas hap\u00ebn port\u00ebn kryesore, dhe lejuan hyrjen e pjes\u00ebs s\u00eb mbetur t\u00eb ushtris\u00eb. Konstantinopoja dikur e paprekshme, kishte r\u00ebn\u00eb. N\u00eb momentet e fundit t\u00eb d\u00ebshp\u00ebruara, qyteti u mbrojt n\u00eb disa prej mureve nga grat\u00eb dhe f\u00ebmij\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

S\u2019ka nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb thuhet se ata u kap\u00ebn shpejt. Disa prej tyre ik\u00ebn me vrap n\u00eb sht\u00ebpit\u00eb e tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur familjet e tyre. T\u00eb tjer\u00ebt n\u00eb mbrojtje t\u00eb kishave. Ky nuk qe nj\u00eb veprim i men\u00e7ur, pasi kishat e qytetit ishin t\u00eb pasura me ar dhe xhevahire t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb \u00e7muara.<\/p>\n

Trupat osmane i thyen ikonat, statujat, afresket dhe kishat e krishtera p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Kish\u00ebn e Sh\u00ebn Sofis\u00eb. Mehmeti hyri n\u00eb qytet m\u00eb von\u00eb gjat\u00eb asaj dite, dhe tha se kisha e madhe madh\u00ebshtore do t\u00eb shnd\u00ebrrohej n\u00eb nj\u00eb xhami. Sapo hyri, ai urdh\u00ebroi fundin e masakrave. Pas r\u00ebnies s\u00eb Konstandinopoj\u00ebs, Mehmeti e b\u00ebri at\u00eb kryeqytetin e tij t\u00eb ri. Pak koh\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb ra edhe pjesa tjet\u00ebr e Perandoris\u00eb Bizantine, duke u b\u00ebr\u00eb pjes\u00eb e Perandoris\u00eb Osmane.<\/p>\n

Me shkurtime nga Ancient Origins \u2013\u00a0Bota.al<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nga Mark Miller Konstandinopoja i kishte rezistuar p\u00ebr shum\u00eb shekujt sulmeve armike, derisa m\u00eb n\u00eb fund teknologjia e re \u2013 topat e m\u00ebdhenj t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Osmane \u2013 e gjunj\u00ebzuan kryeqytetin e Perandoris\u00eb Bizantine. R\u00ebnia e Konstandinopoj\u00ebs n\u00eb majin e vitit 1453, ishte fundi i nj\u00eb epoke p\u00ebr pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs dhe Lindjes […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8373,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nSi e pushtuan osman\u00ebt kryeqytetin e Bizantit, Konstandinopoj\u00ebn - Informohu qart\u00ebsisht!<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/redaktori.com\/?p=8372\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sq_AL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Si e pushtuan osman\u00ebt kryeqytetin e Bizantit, Konstandinopoj\u00ebn - Informohu qart\u00ebsisht!\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nga Mark Miller Konstandinopoja i kishte rezistuar p\u00ebr shum\u00eb shekujt sulmeve armike, derisa m\u00eb n\u00eb fund teknologjia e re \u2013 topat e m\u00ebdhenj t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Osmane \u2013 e gjunj\u00ebzuan kryeqytetin e Perandoris\u00eb Bizantine. 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