Nga Uendi Uitman Kob<\/p>\n
Kina u b\u00eb vendi i tret\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00eb, q\u00eb l\u00ebshoi nj\u00eb sond\u00eb drejt H\u00ebn\u00ebs m\u00eb 2 janar t\u00eb k\u00ebtij viti. Por, m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmja, ajo u b\u00eb e para q\u00eb e b\u00ebri k\u00ebt\u00eb n\u00eb an\u00ebn e pasme t\u00eb satelitit t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs, shpesh e quajtur si \u2018ana e err\u00ebt\u2019. Aft\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb dal\u00eb n\u00eb an\u00ebn e pasme t\u00eb H\u00ebn\u00ebs, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb arritje teknike e pa mb\u00ebrritur deri tani as nga Rusia, dhe as nga Shtetet e Bashkuara.<\/p>\n
Sonda \u201cChang\u2019e 4\u201d, \u00ebsht\u00eb simbol i rritjes s\u00eb programit hap\u00ebsinor kinez, dhe aft\u00ebsive t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme \u00a0q\u00eb ajo ka grumbulluar si p\u00ebr vet\u00eb vendin, ashtu edhe p\u00ebr marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet midis fuqive t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn. Pasojat shtrihen tek Shtetet e Bashkuara, pasi administrata Trump e konsideron si di\u00e7ka serioze konkurrenc\u00ebn globale n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb, ashtu edhe tek e ardhmja e eksplorimit t\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs.<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb nga nxit\u00ebsit kryesor\u00eb t\u00eb politik\u00ebs hap\u00ebsinore t\u00eb SHBA-s\u00eb, ka qen\u00eb historikisht konkurrenca me Rusin\u00eb, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb kontekstin e Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Ftoht\u00eb. N\u00ebse sukseset e Kin\u00ebs vazhdojn\u00eb me rritme t\u00eb tilla, a mund t\u00eb gjenden Shtetet e Bashkuara t\u00eb angazhuara n\u00eb nj\u00eb gar\u00eb t\u00eb re hap\u00ebsinore?<\/p>\n
Ashtu si SHBA-ja dhe Rusia, Republika Popullore e Kin\u00ebs, u angazhua fillimisht n\u00eb aktivitetet hap\u00ebsinore, gjat\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb raketave balistike n\u00eb vitet 1950. Nd\u00ebrsa po merrte nj\u00ebfare ndihme nga Bashkimi Sovjetik, Kina zhvilloi n\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb madhe vet\u00eb programin e saj hap\u00ebsinor.<\/p>\n
\u201cHopi i Madh\u201d dhe Revolucioni Kulturor i Mao Ce Duinit, i nd\u00ebrpreu k\u00ebto programe t\u00eb hershme.<\/p>\n
Kinez\u00ebt l\u00ebshuan satelitin e tyre t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1970. Pas k\u00ebsaj, nj\u00eb program i hersh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebrguar nj\u00eb njeri n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb u la n\u00eb pritje, p\u00ebr t\u2019u p\u00ebrq\u00ebndruar tek programet satelitore komerciale. N\u00eb vitin 1978, Ten Hsiao Pin, shpalli politik\u00ebn e Kin\u00ebs n\u00eb lidhje me hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn, duke v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb dukje se si nj\u00eb vend n\u00eb zhvillim, Kina nuk do t\u00eb merrte pjes\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb gar\u00eb hap\u00ebsinore.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb vend t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, p\u00ebrpjekjet e Pekinit u fokusuan n\u00eb l\u00ebshimin e sondave dhe satelit\u00ebve p\u00ebr q\u00ebllime m\u00eb praktike, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb komunikimin dhe meteorologjin\u00eb. Por kjo nuk do t\u00eb thot\u00eb, q\u00eb kinez\u00ebt q\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb shqet\u00ebsuar mbi efektet e gar\u00ebs globale hap\u00ebsinore.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb vitin 1992, kinez\u00ebt arrit\u00ebn n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin se t\u00eb paturit e nj\u00eb stacioni hap\u00ebsinor, do t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb simbol i madh dhe burim i prestigjit n\u00eb shekullin XXI-t\u00eb. Si i till\u00eb, rifilloi program human i hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs, \u200b\u200bi cili \u00e7oi n\u00eb zhvillimin e anijen kozmike Shenzhou.<\/p>\n
Astronauti i par\u00eb kinez, ose taikonauti Jang Liuei, u d\u00ebrgua n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 2003. N\u00eb total, 6 misione Shenzhou kan\u00eb transportuar 12 taikonauta n\u00eb orbit\u00ebn e Tok\u00ebs, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb dy n\u00eb stacionin e par\u00eb hap\u00ebsinor kinez, Tiangong-1.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, kinez\u00ebt kan\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarr\u00eb gjithashtu misione shkencore si \u201cChang\u2019e 4\u201d. Misioni i par\u00eb h\u00ebnor, \u201cChang\u2019e 1\u201d, orbitoi H\u00ebn\u00ebn n\u00eb tetorin e vitit 2007, dhe nj\u00eb sond\u00eb u ul n\u00eb H\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 2013. Planet e ardhshme t\u00eb Kin\u00ebs, p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb nj\u00eb stacion t\u00eb ri hap\u00ebsinor, \u200b\u200bnj\u00eb baz\u00eb n\u00eb H\u00ebn\u00eb, dhe misione t\u00eb mundshme n\u00eb planetin Mars.<\/p>\n
Tipari m\u00eb i spikatur i programit hap\u00ebsinor kinez, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb krahasim me programet e hershme amerikane dhe ruse, \u00ebsht\u00eb ritmi i tij i ngadalsh\u00ebm dhe i q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm. P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb sekretit q\u00eb rrethon shum\u00eb aspekte t\u00eb programit hap\u00ebsinor kinez, aft\u00ebsit\u00eb e tij t\u00eb sakta jan\u00eb t\u00eb panjohura.<\/p>\n
Megjithat\u00eb, programi ka t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb aty-aty me homolog\u00ebt e tij. Sa i p\u00ebrket p\u00ebrdorimit ushtarak, Kina ka demonstruar gjithashtu aft\u00ebsi t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme. N\u00eb vitin 2007, ajo kreu nj\u00eb test anti-satelitor, duke l\u00ebshuar nj\u00eb raket\u00eb nga toka p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrruar nj\u00eb satelit metereologjik, q\u00eb kishte dal\u00eb jasht\u00eb funksionit.<\/p>\n
Edhe pse ishte i suksessh\u00ebm, testi krijoi nj\u00eb re mbeturinash q\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnojn\u00eb satelit\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb. Filmi \u201cGravity\u201d, ilustroi rreziqet q\u00eb paraqesin mbeturinat e hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs si p\u00ebr satelit\u00ebt, ashtu edhe njer\u00ebzit. N\u00eb raportin e vitit 2018 mbi ushtrin\u00eb kineze, Departamenti Amerikan i Mbrojtjes, raportoi se programi hap\u00ebsinor ushtarak i Kin\u00ebs \u201cvazhdon t\u00eb zhvillohet me shpejt\u00ebsi\u201d.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebrkund\u00ebr aft\u00ebsive t\u00eb saj, SHBA-t\u00eb, ndryshe nga vendet e tjera, nuk jan\u00eb angazhuar n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim thelb\u00ebsor me Kin\u00ebn, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb shqet\u00ebsimeve t\u00eb siguris\u00eb komb\u00ebtare. N\u00eb fakt, nj\u00eb ligj i vitit 2011 ndalon kontaktet zyrtare me zyrtar\u00ebt kinez\u00eb t\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs. A flet kjo p\u00ebr nj\u00eb gar\u00eb t\u00eb re hap\u00ebsinore midis SHBA dhe Kin\u00ebs?<\/p>\n
Si studiuese e politikave hap\u00ebsinore, mund t\u00eb them se p\u00ebrgjigjja \u00ebsht\u00eb po dhe jo. Disa zyrtar\u00eb amerikan\u00eb, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Skot Pejs, sekretari ekzekutiv i K\u00ebshillit Komb\u00ebtar t\u00eb Hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs, \u200b\u200bjan\u00eb optimist\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb potencial p\u00ebr bashk\u00ebpunim, dhe nuk shohin fillimin e nj\u00eb gare t\u00eb re hap\u00ebsinore. Administratori i NASA-s Xhim Brindenstin u takua koh\u00ebt e fundit me kreun e programit hap\u00ebsinor kinez n\u00eb Konferenc\u00ebn Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare Astronautike n\u00eb Gjermani, dhe diskutoi fushat ku Kina dhe SHBA-ja mund t\u00eb punojn\u00eb s\u00eb bashku.<\/p>\n
Sidoqoft\u00eb, rritja e pranis\u00eb ushtarake n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb, \u200b\u200bmund t\u00eb shkaktoj\u00eb nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb konkurrenc\u00ebs. Administrata e Trump, e ka p\u00ebrdorur k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimin e paraqitur nga Kina dhe Rusia, p\u00ebr t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur argumentin e saj p\u00ebr nj\u00eb deg\u00eb t\u00eb re ushtarake t\u00eb pavarur, nj\u00eb forc\u00eb hap\u00ebsinore.<\/p>\n
Pavar\u00ebsisht k\u00ebtyre, aft\u00ebsit\u00eb e Kin\u00ebs n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb \u200b\u200bpo rriten n\u00eb mas\u00ebn q\u00eb reflektohet n\u00eb kultur\u00ebn popullore. N\u00eb romanin \u201cMarsiani\u201d t\u00eb Endi Ueir dhe n\u00eb versionin e tij t\u00eb m\u00ebvonsh\u00ebm kinematografik, NASA kthehet n\u00eb Kin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndihmuar n\u00eb shp\u00ebtimin e astronautit t\u00eb bllokuar n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb konkurrenca mund t\u00eb sjell\u00eb p\u00ebrparime n\u00eb teknologji, si\u00e7 u pa n\u00eb gar\u00ebn e par\u00eb hap\u00ebsinore, nj\u00eb kapacitet m\u00eb i madh global p\u00ebr eksplorimin e hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs, mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb gjithashtu i dobish\u00ebm jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr shp\u00ebtimin e astronaut\u00ebve t\u00eb bllokuar, por edhe p\u00ebr rritjen e njohurive rreth universit ku jetojm\u00eb ne t\u00eb gjith\u00eb. Edhe n\u00ebse l\u00ebshimi i sond\u00ebs kineze, shpall nj\u00eb gar\u00eb t\u00eb\u00a0re hap\u00ebsinore, jo t\u00eb gjitha pasojat do t\u00eb jen\u00eb negative.<\/p>\n
The Conversation \u2013 Bota.al<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Nga Uendi Uitman Kob Kina u b\u00eb vendi i tret\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00eb, q\u00eb l\u00ebshoi nj\u00eb sond\u00eb drejt H\u00ebn\u00ebs m\u00eb 2 janar t\u00eb k\u00ebtij viti. Por, m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmja, ajo u b\u00eb e para q\u00eb e b\u00ebri k\u00ebt\u00eb n\u00eb an\u00ebn e pasme t\u00eb satelitit t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs, shpesh e quajtur si \u2018ana e err\u00ebt\u2019. Aft\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":668,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,18],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n