{"id":6387,"date":"2019-03-27T19:08:43","date_gmt":"2019-03-27T18:08:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/redaktori.com\/?p=6387"},"modified":"2019-03-27T19:08:43","modified_gmt":"2019-03-27T18:08:43","slug":"sekretet-e-sigurise-ne-konferencen-e-teheranit-te-vitit-1943","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/redaktori.com\/?p=6387","title":{"rendered":"Sekretet e siguris\u00eb n\u00eb Konferenc\u00ebn e Teheranit t\u00eb vitit 1943"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kujtimet ekskluzive e nj\u00eb agjenti sovjetik nga Konferenca e Teheranit e vitit 1943. Delinkuent\u00eb t\u00eb infiltruar n\u00eb trenin e Stalinit, Roosevelt q\u00eb gjen strehim n\u00eb ambasad\u00ebn sovjetike dhe Churchill, q\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u ngush\u00eblluar, ju dha konjakut<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00eb 28 n\u00ebntor t\u00eb k\u00ebtij viti ka qen\u00eb p\u00ebrvjetori i 75-t\u00eb i fillimit t\u00eb Konferenc\u00ebs s\u00eb Teheranit, takimit t\u00eb hyr\u00eb n\u00eb histori midis lider\u00ebve t\u00eb Bashkimit Sovjetik, Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara dhe Britanis\u00eb s\u00eb Madhe, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb Stalinit, Roosevelt dhe Churchill. Qe n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebtij takimi dhe u hartuan dhe u miratuan projektet konkrete p\u00ebr shkat\u00ebrrimin p\u00ebrfundimtar t\u00eb Gjermanis\u00eb hitleriane dhe aleat\u00ebve t\u00eb saj, pse jo edhe p\u00ebr rind\u00ebrtimin e pasluft\u00ebs. Por Konferenca e Teheranit ka hyr\u00eb n\u00eb histori edhe si nj\u00eb ngjarje e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb hostorin\u00eb e organeve t\u00eb siguris\u00eb sovjetike dhe ruse. Funksionar\u00ebt rus\u00eb t\u00eb ngarkuar me sigurin\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast kryen me nder n\u00eb nj\u00eb situat\u00eb tejet komplekse nj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme detyrash, pjesa m\u00eb e madhe e t\u00eb cilave p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb intervist\u00eb t\u00eb realizuar nga Vladmir Sychev, p\u00ebrcillen nga Sputnik zbulimet e Sergey Devyatov, historian dhe k\u00ebshilltar i FSB-s\u00eb, sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb siguris\u00eb t\u00eb Federat\u00ebs Ruse. Devyatov ka zbuluar nj\u00eb seri detajesh mbi k\u00ebto ngjarje q\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn nuk qen\u00eb t\u00eb njohura p\u00ebr publikun e gjer\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Historia e Konferenc\u00ebs s\u00eb Teheranit shpesh \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur n\u00eb Rusi me filmin e njohur \u201cFoleja e spiun\u00ebve\u201d (Teheran 43) ku funksionar\u00ebt e sh\u00ebrbimeve sekrete (\u00c7EKA) hedhin n\u00eb er\u00eb projektet e Hitlerit p\u00ebr t\u00eb sulmuar \u201cTre t\u00eb M\u00ebdhenjt\u00eb\u201d. Subjekt i mir\u00ebnd\u00ebrtuar, aktor\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb zon\u00eb, kolona zanore e jasht\u00ebzakonshme e Charles Aznavour. N\u00eb realitet si garantohej siguria e delegacionit ton\u00eb 75 vite m\u00eb par\u00eb?<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr hir t\u00eb s\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebs, \u201cFoleja e spiun\u00ebve\u201d (Teheran 43) \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb film, por Kremlini e kishte em\u00ebrtuar t\u00eb gjith\u00eb operacionin \u201cDrejtimi i 30-t\u00eb\u201d. P\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb i sinqert\u00eb, nuk e di se nga vjen ku em\u00ebr. Paksa si p\u00ebr opracionin e Konferenc\u00ebs s\u00eb Jalt\u00ebs, q\u00eb quhej \u201cDolina\u201d, dhe at\u00eb t\u00eb Konferenc\u00ebs s\u00eb Potsdamit, \u201cPalma\u201d.<\/p>\n

Nga ku e ka origjin\u00ebn historia e \u201cDrejtimit t\u00eb 30-t\u00eb\u201d?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Teherani ishte nga prej pikave delikate n\u00eb fillimin e Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Madhe Patriotike (Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore). Irani gjendej n\u00eb nj\u00eb pozicion mjaft t\u00ebrheq\u00ebs: af\u00ebr me naft\u00ebn e Lindjes s\u00eb Mesme, q\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb moment kontrollohej nga anglez\u00ebt dhe nga kompanit\u00eb petrolifere sovjetike t\u00eb Bakus\u00eb. Nga nj\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje strategjike, ishte nj\u00eb vij\u00eb tejet interesante. Aty ishte aktive edhe nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri inteligjence gjermane dhe organizata t\u00eb ndryshme naziste. Ndodheshin, t\u00eb themi, shum\u00eb lobe q\u00eb mbronin interesat e Hitlerit, sidomos midis niveleve t\u00eb larta q\u00eb gravitonin rreth Shahut Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. Ekzistonte nj\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnim real. Pik\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, m\u00eb 25 gusht t\u00eb 1941 u vendos q\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoheshin trupa sovjetike dhe britanike n\u00eb Iran. Juridikisht, kjo mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebrfshihej qysh n\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjen midis Bashkimit Sovjetik dhe Iranit n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e Luft\u00ebs Civile. Nga ana jon\u00eb u d\u00ebrguan dy armata sulmuese, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb jug hyn\u00eb trupat britanike. Vija e ndarjes s\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsive midis Ushtris\u00eb s\u00eb Kuqe dhe trupave britanike u vendos pak m\u00eb n\u00eb jug t\u00eb Teheranit. Megjith\u00ebse influenca gjermane ndaj Iranit qe e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, ky operacion ishte p\u00ebrdorur aktivisht n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb iniciativ\u00ebs Lend-Lease p\u00ebr furnizimet e Bashkimit Sovjetik me mjete ushtarake dhe mallra t\u00eb tjera. Si gj\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet Iranit u dor\u00ebzoheshin tanket amerikane dhe britanike (q\u00eb, p\u00ebr hir t\u00eb s\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebs, b\u00ebnin figur\u00eb t\u00eb keq p\u00ebrball\u00eb mjeteve tona, sidomos T-34) dhe mjetet transportuese ushtarake, si Studebaker amerikan\u00eb. Ishte nj\u00eb fluks i vazhduesh\u00ebm mjetesh p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin u krijuan impiante dhe magazina t\u00eb ndryshme. Ve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, drejt Bashkimit Sovjetik d\u00ebrgoheshin edhe metale t\u00eb rralla, adiktiv\u00eb p\u00ebr metalurgjin\u00eb dhe l\u00ebnd\u00eb djeg\u00ebse. P\u00ebr avion\u00ebt amerikan\u00eb dhe britanik\u00eb q\u00eb vinin n\u00eb Bashkimin Sovjetik ishte e nevojshme nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitje speciale e l\u00ebnd\u00ebs djeg\u00ebse. M\u00eb pas flukset e furnizimit d\u00ebrgoheshin n\u00eb Baku dhe n\u00eb Astrakhan, duke kaluar n\u00ebp\u00ebr Detin Kaspik. \u00c7\u00ebshtja e takimit t\u00eb \u201cTre t\u00eb M\u00ebdhenjve\u201d u ngrit shum\u00eb her\u00eb, por p\u00ebr Stalinin ishte me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi themelore t\u00eb demonstrohej q\u00eb trupat sovjetike nuk qen\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb mbroheshin, por edhe t\u00eb arrinin suksese strategjike. Dhe ky sukses vjen n\u00eb dimrin midis 1942 e 1943, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb me fitoren e Stalingradit, humbja m\u00eb e hidhur e Armat\u00ebs s\u00eb 6-t\u00eb t\u00eb Paulusit. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb faz\u00eb mund\u00ebsia e nj\u00eb takimi midis lider\u00ebve t\u00eb tri vendeve t\u00eb koalicionit antihitlerian ishte debatuar gjat\u00eb. Ve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, nga vera e 1943 n\u00eb nivel t\u00eb lart\u00eb ishte hipotezuar edhe nj\u00eb takim midis Stalinit dhe Roosevelt n\u00eb bregun e Gjirit t\u00eb Beringut. Duhet th\u00ebn\u00eb se edhe n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet k\u00ebtij gjiri kalonin furnizimet e Lend-Lease, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast ato aeronautike e avion\u00ebve gjuajt\u00ebs. K\u00ebshtu, n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb apo n\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, rruga ishte n\u00eb zbritje.<\/p>\n

Pse n\u00eb fund nuk u mbajt ky takim? N\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit, aty do t\u00eb ishte realizuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb qet\u00eb.<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr arsye t\u00eb ndryshme, si subjektive, ashtu edhe objektive. N\u00eb at\u00eb takim donte t\u00eb merrte pjes\u00eb edhe Churchill. Ndoshta p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye Stalini hoqi dor\u00eb. Por qysh n\u00eb ver\u00ebn e 1943 mund\u00ebsia e nj\u00eb takimi midis tri lider\u00ebve t\u00eb koalicionit antihitlerian mori form\u00eb. E k\u00ebsaj periudhe \u00ebsht\u00eb ka mund\u00ebsi edhe letra m\u00eb e tmerrshme e Stalinit lidhur me kriz\u00ebn e hapjes s\u00eb \u201cfrontit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb\u201d. Debati lidhur me \u00e7\u00ebshtje konkrete tashm\u00eb ishte pjekur. Ve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, pas betej\u00ebs s\u00eb Stalingradit, mund\u00ebsia e nj\u00eb fitoreje t\u00eb pavarur t\u00eb trupave sovjetike kishte filluar t\u00eb zinte vend midis aleat\u00ebve, kurse pasi humbjes s\u00eb nazist\u00ebve n\u00eb Kursk askush nuk kishte m\u00eb iluzione lidhur me k\u00ebt\u00eb pik\u00eb. M\u00eb 1 gusht t\u00eb 1943 Stalini punonte n\u00eb zyr\u00ebn e tij n\u00eb Kremlin dhe m\u00eb pas u nis drejt da\u00e7\u00ebs s\u00eb Kuntsevo. Nikolay Vlasik, shefi i siguris\u00eb s\u00eb Stalinit, q\u00ebndroi n\u00eb Kremlin. Nat\u00ebn e 2 gushtit, Stalini u nis drejt frontit, ngarje unike n\u00eb historin\u00eb e luft\u00ebs. Nat\u00ebn u organizua nj\u00eb karvan hekurudhor \u201cme r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi t\u00eb madhe\u201d, q\u00eb u nis drejt nj\u00eb destinacioni t\u00eb panjohur. Po, n\u00eb vitin 1941 Stalini kishte shkuar n\u00eb zon\u00ebn e frontit, por ai udh\u00ebtim kishte qen\u00eb vet\u00ebm simbolik.<\/p>\n

Stalini shkoi n\u00eb front pa shefin e tij t\u00eb siguris\u00eb? Si qe e mundur?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nuk e mor\u00ebn me vete Vlasik me t\u00eb drejt\u00eb. Sepse t\u00eb gjith\u00eb mendonin q\u00eb, p\u00ebrderisa ai ishte n\u00eb Kremlin, edhe Stalini ishte aty. Duhet th\u00ebn\u00eb se gjat\u00eb epok\u00ebs s\u00eb Stalinit, sistemi i kontrollit t\u00eb informacioneve ishte mjaft i ngurt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Pse ky udh\u00ebtim \u00ebsht\u00eb lidhur me konferenc\u00ebn e planifikuar at\u00ebhere midis \u201cTre t\u00eb M\u00ebdhenjve\u201d?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Stalini e promovoi aktivisht Teheranin si vend ku t\u00eb mbahej takimi dhe udh\u00ebtimi n\u00eb front (k\u00ebt\u00eb i komunikoi aleat\u00ebve n\u00eb korrespondenc\u00eb private dhe sekrete) duhej t\u00eb tregonte domosdoshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e nj\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarrjeje t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb t\u00eb tij n\u00eb drejtimin e operacioneve ushtarake. Pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb periudh\u00eb u mor vendimi p\u00ebr ta mbajtur konferenc\u00ebn midis udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsve t\u00eb koalicionit antihitlerian pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb Teheran.<\/p>\n

Zgjedhja e vendit t\u00eb konferenc\u00ebs ishte qartazi nj\u00eb kompromis. Po pse pik\u00ebrisht kryeqyteti iranian?<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb Iran ishte e lart\u00eb prania n\u00eb terren e agjent\u00ebve sekret\u00eb hitleriane. Ve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm qen\u00eb edhe faktor\u00ebt q\u00eb do t\u00eb kishin mundur t\u00eb \u00e7onin n\u00eb nj\u00eb komplot potencial p\u00ebr p\u00ebrmbysjen e qeveris\u00eb s\u00eb Shahut dhe ngjitjen n\u00eb pushtet q\u00eb do t\u00eb mund t\u2019u kishte hapur rrug\u00ebn gjerman\u00ebve n\u00eb Bashkimin Sovjetik. Nj\u00eb vend oriental me nj\u00eb mentalitet oriental. Nj\u00eb elit\u00eb shum\u00eb laramane p\u00ebr nga bindjet politike. Raporte nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare mjaft t\u00eb komplikuara. Me pak fjal\u00eb, nj\u00eb \u201cfole\u201d me probleme. Megjithat\u00eb, Teherani ishte n\u00ebn kontrollin e trupave sovjetike. Pastaj, n\u00eb Iran qen\u00eb t\u00eb pranish\u00ebm n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrhershme edhe organe kund\u00ebrspiunazhi, oficer\u00eb t\u00eb inteligjenc\u00eb s\u00eb jashtme dhe qyteti ishte relativisht komod p\u00ebr t\u2019u arritur nga t\u00eb gjith\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsit n\u00eb konferenc\u00eb. Gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb viteve t\u00eb pranis\u00eb s\u00eb ushtris\u00eb sovjetike dhe t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve speciale n\u00eb vend, ishte b\u00ebr\u00eb pakashum\u00eb e qart\u00eb se cilat qen\u00eb burimet e rrezikut p\u00ebr konferenc\u00ebn. Ishte e qart\u00eb se kush qen\u00eb agjent\u00ebt gjerman\u00eb, cilat qen\u00eb objektivat dhe detyrat e tyre, cilat forca sovjetike simpatizonin Hitlerin dhe nga ku do t\u00eb vinin k\u00ebto k\u00ebrc\u00ebnime.<\/p>\n

Nga cili moment filloi p\u00ebrgatitja p\u00ebr konferenc\u00ebn n\u00eb kuptimin e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs?<\/strong><\/p>\n

E dim\u00eb me sakt\u00ebsi se kur organet e ngarkuara me sigurin\u00eb komb\u00ebtare mor\u00ebn urdh\u00ebrin e par\u00eb, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb rreth 10 gushtit dhe gjithsesi jo pas 12 gushtit t\u00eb 1943. Dokumenti origjinal nuk ekziston m\u00eb, por pik\u00ebrisht i k\u00ebsaj periudhe \u00ebsht\u00eb vendimi i organeve t\u00eb siguris\u00eb s\u00eb brendshme dhe t\u00eb vigjilenc\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb ngarkuar punonj\u00ebs n\u00eb Teheran: n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, N\u00ebnkomisari i Popullit p\u00ebr Pun\u00ebt e Brendshme, Gjeneralkoloneli Apollonov; Drejtori i K\u00ebshillit t\u00eb Dyt\u00eb t\u00eb Komisar\u00ebve t\u00eb Popullit p\u00ebr Sigurin\u00eb Komb\u00ebtare (kund\u00ebrspiunazhi), komisari p\u00ebr Sigurin\u00eb Komb\u00ebtare i Rangut t\u00eb 3-t\u00eb, Fedotov; N\u00ebndrejtori i K\u00ebshillit t\u00eb Gjasht\u00eb t\u00eb Komisar\u00ebve t\u00eb Popullit p\u00ebr Sigurin\u00eb Komb\u00ebtare (mbrojtja), Komisari P\u00ebr Sigurin\u00eb Komb\u00ebtare Shadrin me nj\u00eb grup oficer\u00ebsh t\u00eb lart\u00eb dhe nj\u00eb funksionar\u00ebsh operativ\u00eb. Nga ky moment mund t\u00eb themi se nisi p\u00ebrgatitja e Konferenc\u00ebs s\u00eb Teheranit. Selia qendrore e koordinimit gjendej n\u00eb Baku dhe p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi i operacioneve ishte N\u00ebnkomisari i Popullit p\u00ebr Pun\u00ebt e Brendshme, Kruglov. N\u00eb Iran qen\u00eb aktiv\u00eb agjent\u00eb t\u00eb inteligjenc\u00ebs s\u00eb jashtme dhe t\u00eb kund\u00ebrspiunazhit t\u00eb K\u00ebshillit t\u00eb Komisar\u00ebve t\u00eb Popullit. Jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb Iran ndodheshin trupa sovjetike, por ishte aktiv edhe SMERSH-i, Departamenti i Kund\u00ebrspiunazhit t\u00eb Ushtris\u00eb s\u00eb Kuqe. Organet p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse t\u00eb siguris\u00eb komb\u00ebtare qen\u00eb thirrur q\u00eb t\u00eb kryenin detyra t\u00eb komplikuara.<\/p>\n

Cilat?<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb radh\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb, transferimin e drejtuesve t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb Bashkimit Sovjetik n\u00eb Iran. Ky u b\u00eb nj\u00eb problem i madh, pasi b\u00ebhej fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr udh\u00ebtimin e par\u00eb t\u00eb Stalinit jasht\u00eb vend si kreu i shtetit t\u00eb Bashkimit Sovjetik dhe, p\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, n\u00eb kushte lufte. K\u00ebshilli i Gjasht\u00eb i Komisar\u00ebve t\u00eb Popullit p\u00ebr Sigurin\u00eb Komb\u00ebtare, NKGB-ja, nuk kishte p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb apo udh\u00ebrr\u00ebfyes t\u00eb kolauduara p\u00ebr t\u00eb vepruar n\u00eb t\u00eb tilla situata, edhe pse, duhet th\u00ebn\u00eb se siguria e Stalinit n\u00eb koh\u00eb ishte organizuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb mjaft efikase. Ve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, informacionet lidhur me takimin u erdh\u00ebn me shpejt\u00ebsi sh\u00ebrbimeve hitleriane t\u00eb inteligjenc\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Mendohet se k\u00ebto informacione i erdh\u00ebn nj\u00eb agjenti t\u00eb inteligjenc\u00ebs gjermane pran\u00eb ambasad\u00ebs britanike n\u00eb Teheran.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gjerman\u00ebt nis\u00ebn operacionet p\u00ebr neutralizimin eventual e udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsve t\u00eb koalicionit antihitlerian. P\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb sakt\u00eb, detyra ishte t\u00eb organizohej nj\u00eb atentat terrorist dhe, po t\u00eb ishte e mundur, t\u00eb vritej Stalini, Roosevelt dhe Churchill. Ve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, u dislokuan me sukses regjimente xheniere n\u00eb loaklitetet malore rreth 70 km nga Teherani. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, tentativa p\u00ebr ndryshimin e rrjedh\u00ebs s\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore ekzistonte v\u00ebrtet. Duhet th\u00ebn\u00eb se kund\u00ebrspiunazhi sovjetik n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb koh\u00eb arriti rezultate t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyera: grupi i diversionist\u00ebve u gjet dhe u kap. Dhe nuk mundi t\u00eb b\u00ebnte shum\u00eb. Gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitjes s\u00eb konferenc\u00ebs u gjet\u00ebn dhe u kap\u00ebn rreth 160 agjent\u00eb hitlerian\u00eb aktiv\u00eb n\u00eb Teheran dhe rrethina. N\u00eb Teheran u kryen bastisje t\u00eb shumta. Duhet th\u00ebn\u00eb se edhe nga ana britanike operacionet kryheshin me dhun\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, n\u00eb pik\u00ebn q\u00eb agjent\u00ebt gjerman\u00eb shpesh strehoheshin n\u00eb territorin e kontrolluar nga sovjetik\u00ebt, pasi nga ne nuk merreshin n\u00eb pyetje, nd\u00ebrsa anglez\u00ebt shpesh i d\u00ebnonin n\u00eb vend.<\/p>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb detyrash t\u00eb tjera kishin organet e siguris\u00eb?<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00eb garantonte furnizimin e t\u00eb gjitha mjeteve t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr konferenc\u00ebn, garantimi i nj\u00eb q\u00ebndrimi normal (sipas standardeve europiane) dhe pun\u00ebn e mir\u00eb t\u00eb krer\u00ebve t\u00eb shteteve e t\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb delegacioneve. Deri tavolina e madhe e traktativave u soll drejtp\u00ebrs\u00ebdrejti nga Bashkimi Sovjetik.<\/p>\n

Por diplomacia e lart\u00eb nuk vihet vet\u00ebm prapa tryez\u00ebs s\u00eb negociatave, por edhe asaj t\u00eb ngr\u00ebnies. \u00c7far\u00eb u desh t\u00eb b\u00ebhej nga pala sovjetike p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur t\u2019u garantoheshin vaktet an\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb konferenc\u00ebs?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fal\u00eb kuzhin\u00ebs s\u00eb Kremlinit q\u00eb ndodhej n\u00ebn kontrollin e NKGB-s\u00eb, nga Bashkimi Sovjetik u importuan t\u00eb gjitha produktet ushqimore, me p\u00ebrjashtim t\u00eb atyre q\u00eb kalbeshin m\u00eb shpejt. Sasia e produkteve ishte e lart\u00eb: Stalini jepte pritje t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb lart\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat propozonte kuzhin\u00ebn tradicionale ruse. N\u00eb rrethinat e Teheranit kishte burime uji t\u00eb pijsh\u00ebm. N\u00eb at\u00eb periudh\u00eb ishte kategorikisht i ndaluar p\u00ebrdorimi i ujit t\u00eb uj\u00ebsjell\u00ebsave p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjes s\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb baktereve. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, autobot\u00eb sovjetik\u00eb b\u00ebnin vajtje ardhje midis burimeve t\u00eb individualizuara nga ku merrnin sasin\u00eb e nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha eventet. Nuk p\u00ebrjashtohej mund\u00ebsia e helmimit t\u00eb burimeve. Nj\u00eblloj veprohej me mishin dhe me peshkun: pjes\u00ebrisht importoheshin nga Bashkimi Sovjetik, pjes\u00ebrisht p\u00ebrdoreshin produktet vendore. Siguria ushqimore u garantua nga kuzhina e Kremlinit n\u00eb pothuajse t\u00eb gjitha eventet e konferenc\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Por p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb dashur nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i caktuar personeli.<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb Teheran u desh t\u00eb transferoheshin shum\u00eb bashk\u00ebpun\u00ebtor\u00eb t\u00eb K\u00ebshillit t\u00eb Gjasht\u00eb, jo vet\u00ebm operativ\u00eb. Ve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, u transferuan edhe t\u00eb punonj\u00ebs t\u00eb sekretaris\u00eb s\u00eb Stalinit, stenograf\u00eb dhe makinist\u00eb. N\u00eb vitet \u201990, nj\u00eb prej stenografeve t\u00eb Stalinit kujtoi disa anekdota. N\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb jetonin n\u00eb Kremlin, nuk kishin t\u00eb drejt\u00eb t\u00eb dilnin n\u00eb qytet, mund t\u00eb shkonin vet\u00ebm n\u00eb da\u00e7\u00ebn e Kuntsevo. I ngrit\u00ebn me ngut, i \u00e7uan n\u00eb stacion hekurudhor ku i priste nj\u00eb tren. Jetuan n\u00eb at\u00eb tren p\u00ebr 5 dit\u00eb. Pastaj treni u nis, por askush nuk e dinte se p\u00ebr ku. Arrit\u00ebn n\u00eb Baku. Nga aty u \u00e7uan me makina deri n\u00eb Teheran n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet kufirit midis Iranit dhe Bashkimit Sovjetik. At\u00ebhere n\u00eb kryeqytetin iranian gjendeshin shum\u00eb funksionar\u00eb shtet\u00ebror\u00eb sovjetik\u00eb. Ata t\u00eb K\u00ebshillit t\u00eb Gjasht\u00eb n\u00eb mes t\u00eb n\u00ebntorit qen\u00eb 300 persona. Kur erdhi Stalini, grupi u zmadhua edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb. N\u00eb Teheran u rrit ndjesh\u00ebm numri i t\u00eb ngarkuarve me kund\u00ebrspiunazhi. Gjithashtu, aty u krijua nj\u00eb koordinim q\u00eb garantoi mir\u00ebfunksionimin e t\u00eb gjitha operacioneve. Mund t\u00eb them se edhe dokumentat lidhur me p\u00ebrgatitjen e udh\u00ebtimit t\u00eb Stalinit drejt Teheranit jan\u00eb mbres\u00ebl\u00ebn\u00ebs. Makinist\u00ebt e K\u00ebshillit t\u00eb Gjasht\u00eb i mblidhnin tektes e urdh\u00ebrave t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitjes s\u00eb eventeve t\u00eb ndryshme. T\u00eb gjitha, me p\u00ebrjashtim t\u00eb atyre q\u00eb p\u00ebrmbanin referime gjeografike, mbiemra dhe numrin e personave t\u00eb interesuar. Informacionet e tjera u jepeshin m\u00eb pas me dor\u00eb zyrtar\u00ebve. Regjimi i sekretit ishte i pabesuesh\u00ebm. Pastaj, doli \u00e7\u00ebshtja e spostimit e an\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb delegacionit. N\u00eb fund t\u00eb n\u00ebntorit 1943 u vendos q\u00eb t\u00eb nxirreshin nga Magazina Speciale e Kremlinit automobila t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm p\u00ebr pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsit n\u00eb konferenc\u00eb. Veturat u d\u00ebrguan n\u00eb Baku me tren dhe nga aty vazhduan me shofer\u00eb deri n\u00eb Teheran.<\/p>\n

Limuzina e blinduar Packard e Stalinit i rezistoi udh\u00ebtimit?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Po. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast kishte makina nga 3 marka importi \u00a0(Packard, Lincoln e Cadillac) dhe 1 sovjetike (ZIS-101). Gjithsesi, transportimi i delegat\u00ebve u mor p\u00ebrsip\u00ebr nga sovjetik\u00ebt dhe u realizua nga veturat e Magazin\u00ebs Speciale t\u00eb Kremlinit. Lidhur me k\u00ebt\u00eb, edhe Roosevelt e Churchill u sh\u00ebrbyen nga automobila t\u00eb Magazin\u00ebs Speciale. P\u00ebr shembull, delegacionit britanik ju rezervuan 2 makina t\u00eb blinduara dhe 2 t\u00eb zakonshme.<\/p>\n

V\u00ebrtet aleat\u00ebt nuk arrit\u00ebn t\u00eb gjenin mjete p\u00ebr t\u00eb l\u00ebvizur n\u00eb Teheran?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fakti \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb makinat p\u00ebr t\u2019u v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb dispozicion t\u00eb tyre do t\u2019u duhej t\u00eb b\u00ebnin nj\u00eb udh\u00ebtim shum\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb n\u00eb det. Po sikur nj\u00eb n\u00ebndet\u00ebse gjermane t\u2019i godiste? Qe e nevojshme t\u2019i k\u00ebrkohej ndihm\u00eb Bashkimit Sovjetik.<\/p>\n

Zoti Devyatov, si u p\u00ebrgatit n\u00eb fakt pallati i ambasad\u00ebs sovjetike?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fillimisht u mor\u00ebn n\u00eb konsiderata mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb ndryshme p\u00ebr akomodimin e delegacionit n\u00eb Teheran, por qartazi akomodimi brenda ambasad\u00ebs rezultoi zgjidhja m\u00eb e sigurt. Ambasadat sovjetike dhe britanike qen\u00eb af\u00ebr, kurse ajo amerikane ishte 1 kilomet\u00ebr e gjysm\u00eb larg. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 faktit q\u00eb nj\u00eb takim i nivelit t\u00eb lart\u00eb k\u00ebrkon a priori nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitje nga protokolli i vendasve, z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimin e mobilieve, pranin\u00eb e kabinave t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimit p\u00ebr p\u00ebrkthimin dhe aparaturave t\u00eb regjistrimit. Ve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, u zgjerua edhe perimetri i siguris\u00eb s\u00eb ambasad\u00ebs sovjetike, q\u00eb at\u00ebhere zinte nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb pak m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe se 9 hektar\u00eb. Ambasada u mbrojt me nj\u00eb gardh prej guri e tullash 3 metra i lart\u00eb, por ishte e qart\u00eb se nevojitej nj\u00eb sistem ndjesor\u00ebsh p\u00ebr t\u00eb kontrolluar afrime eventuale ndaj murit, pse jo edhe vendosjen e vendrojeve. Garantimi i siguris\u00eb s\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsve t\u00eb lart\u00eb nuk ishte aspak i thjesht\u00eb. Mendoni se n\u00eb zon\u00ebn e ambasad\u00ebs sovjetike gjat\u00eb konferenc\u00ebn n\u00eb nj\u00eb turn kishte n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim 140 persona, midis funksionar\u00ebve sovjetik\u00eb, britanik\u00eb dhe amerikan\u00eb. Mbulimi operativ i perimetrit t\u00eb ambasad\u00ebs garantohej vazhdimisht nga 200 ushtar\u00eb t\u00eb pajisur me automatik\u00eb. Por edhe oficer\u00ebt q\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb moment nuk ishin n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim q\u00ebndronin brenda ambasad\u00ebs n\u00eb rast nevoje. U ngrit\u00ebn \u00e7adra dhe kuzhina fushore. E gjitha kjo mund\u00ebsoi jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb t\u00eb shmangeshin atentate dhe sulme terroriste, por edhe t\u00eb shmangeshin p\u00ebrplasje t\u00eb armatosura.<\/p>\n

Pas p\u00ebrgatitjeve, p\u00ebr delegacionin sovjetik erdhi momenti i nisjes.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Transferimi i tij n\u00eb konferenc\u00eb qe nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr detyr\u00eb mjaft e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb. M\u00eb 22 n\u00ebntor, m\u00eb nj\u00eb tren special, u nis nga Moska drejt Bakus\u00eb delegacioni zyrtar i p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb nga Stalini, nga Vyacheslav Molotov (Komisari i Popullit p\u00ebr Pun\u00ebt e Jashtme) dhe nga Marshalli Kliment Voroshilov. N\u00eb Teheran shkoi edhe Lavrenty Berija, Komisari i Popullit p\u00ebr Pun\u00ebt e Brendshme, q\u00eb mori pjes\u00eb n\u00eb konferenc\u00eb, por jo si an\u00ebtar i delegacionit zyrtar. Ve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, n\u00eb kryeqytetin iranian shkoi edhe nj\u00eb grup ushtarak\u00ebsh dhe p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesish t\u00eb Komisarit t\u00eb Popullit p\u00ebr Pun\u00ebt e Jashtme. N\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb, Komisari i Popullit Andrey Vyshinsky ndodhej tashm\u00eb n\u00eb Teheran. Treni udh\u00ebtoi p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb linj\u00ebs hekurudhore Mosca \u2013 Ryazan dhe arriti n\u00eb Baku pa probleme t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, me p\u00ebrjashtim t\u00eb faktit q\u00eb n\u00eb zon\u00ebn Kolomna hip\u00ebn n\u00eb tren 3 t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar.<\/p>\n

Po nuk kishin si ta dinin q\u00eb ishte tren special. Nga jasht\u00eb duhej t\u00eb dukej nj\u00eb tren si gjith\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sigurisht! Nj\u00eb njeri i thjesht\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb mund ta kuptonte kurr\u00eb se n\u00eb at\u00eb tren kishte nj\u00eb delegacion zyrtar. Por nj\u00eb punonj\u00ebs hekurudhe, po, pasi vagonat qen\u00eb p\u00ebrforcuar dhe karreli ishte i ndrysh\u00ebm nga ai i vagon\u00ebve t\u00eb trenave t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm t\u00eb pasagjer\u00ebve. Gjith\u00ebsesi, ishte nat\u00eb, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb askush nuk do t\u00eb mund ta dallonte.<\/p>\n

Dhe sa larg arrit\u00ebn q\u00eb t\u00eb shkonin \u201cpasagjer\u00ebt\u201d e rinj?<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr sa di un\u00eb, i zbrit\u00ebn n\u00eb Ryazan. M\u00eb pas treni arriti n\u00eb Baku nga ku delegacioni mori avionin p\u00ebr Teheran. Pik\u00ebrisht Konferenca e Teheranit \u00ebsht\u00eb rasti i vet\u00ebm n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin Stalini l\u00ebvizi me avion.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb k\u00ebtij episodi lexohet shpesh se Stalini kishte frik\u00eb nga fluturimi. Por vet\u00eb ai, Stalini, nuk e zbuloi kurr\u00eb nj\u00eb gj\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme: lidhur me k\u00ebt\u00eb nuk ka as konfirmime dokumentare, as d\u00ebshmi, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb kishte frik\u00eb nga fluturimi nj\u00eb njeri q\u00eb e p\u00eblqente, e njihte kaq mir\u00eb aviacionin dhe ia mb\u00ebshteste zhvillimin n\u00eb vend.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mund t\u00eb them vet\u00ebm at\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruhet n\u00eb dokumenta: n\u00eb vitet \u201930, n\u00eb Bashkimin Sovjetik pati nj\u00eb seri katastrofash ajrore pas t\u00eb cilave p\u00ebr dy her\u00eb m\u00eb nivel t\u00eb lart\u00eb u vendos q\u00eb t\u00eb ndaloheshin spostimet e udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsve sovjetik\u00eb me avion\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, duhet th\u00ebn\u00eb se gjat\u00eb luft\u00ebs k\u00ebto ndalime nuk u respektuan shum\u00eb. I famsh\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb fluturimi transatlantik i Molotovit n\u00eb Britani t\u00eb Madhe dhe SHBA n\u00eb vitin 1942. At\u00ebhere ekzistonte edhe rreziku i goditjes nga gjuajt\u00ebsit gjerman\u00eb. Pran\u00eb aeroportit qeveritar Frunze (zona e Mosk\u00ebs q\u00eb ndodhet sot midis stacioneve t\u00eb metros\u00eb Dinamo dhe Aeroport) kishte avion\u00eb t\u00eb rezervuar an\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb qeveris\u00eb. Dy dalje, ato 01 dhe 02, i qen\u00eb rezervuar Stalinit, nd\u00ebrsa dalja 03 p\u00ebr Molotovin. Por nj\u00eb problem n\u00eb vet\u00ebvete ishte se at\u00ebhere n\u00eb avion nuk kishte shum\u00eb komoditet dhe n\u00eb lart\u00ebsi t\u00eb madhe ishte shum\u00eb ftoht\u00eb. Nga fotografit\u00eb q\u00eb paraqesin fluturimin e Molotovit drejt Londr\u00ebs shikohet se kishte veshur nj\u00eb peli\u00e7e t\u00eb trash\u00eb dhe nj\u00eb kapu\u00e7.<\/p>\n

U arrit q\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebheshin m\u00eb komod\u00eb ato Douglas me t\u00eb cil\u00ebt delegacioni sovjetik fluturoi drejt Teheranit?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Avion\u00ebt ju n\u00ebnshtruan nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitjeje serioze p\u00ebrpara fluturimit, u \u201chermetizuan\u201d. Qen\u00eb avion\u00eb p\u00ebr transport ushtarak q\u00eb mund t\u00eb fluturonin mbi rrezen e veprimit t\u00eb artileris\u00eb. Por nj\u00eb kuot\u00eb m\u00eb e lart\u00eb se 5 kilometra ishte kritike edhe p\u00ebr pilot\u00eb me p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb dhe k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb ishte i nevojsh\u00ebm p\u00ebrdorimi i oksigjenit shtes\u00eb. Por n\u00eb dokumenta nuk gjendet i regjistruar asnj\u00eb komoditet, si p\u00ebr shembull ngrohja.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb filmin \u201cFoleja e spiun\u00ebve\u201d (Teheran 43) ka nj\u00eb sken\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn tregohet sesi \u201cTre t\u00eb M\u00ebdhenjt\u00eb\u201d arrit\u00ebn nj\u00ebri pas tjetrit n\u00eb kryeqytetin iranian dhe n\u00eb fund thuhet \u201cAsnjeri n\u00eb Teheran nuk e dinte sesi kishte arritur Stalini n\u00eb rezidenc\u00ebn e tij\u201d. Pra, si u organizua udh\u00ebtimi i delegacionit sovjetik drejt ambasad\u00ebs?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Para s\u00eb gjithash u planifikua udh\u00ebtimi n\u00ebp\u00ebr rrug\u00ebt e Teheranit. U pengua aksesi i kamion\u00ebve n\u00ebp\u00ebr rrug\u00ebt p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb t\u00eb cilave do t\u00eb udh\u00ebtonin krer\u00ebt e shtetit e ardhur nga aeroporti. N\u00eb Teheran dhe sidomos n\u00eb aeroport prania ushtarake u forcua ndjesh\u00ebm dhe u dislokuan njer\u00ebzit e NKVD-s\u00eb. P\u00ebrgjat\u00eb rrug\u00ebs u kontrolluan t\u00eb gjith\u00eb personat e dyshimt\u00eb. Rruga midis ambasad\u00ebs sovjetike dhe asaj britanike u mbyll me nj\u00eb rrjet mimetike. V\u00ebllimi i pun\u00ebs s\u00eb kryer qe mbres\u00ebl\u00ebn\u00ebs. Qyteti u nda me zona, u krijua nj\u00eb shtab i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm nd\u00ebrqeveritar q\u00eb garantonte nd\u00ebrveprimin e ushtarak\u00ebve dhe sh\u00ebrbimeve speciale. Qen\u00eb ngritur postblloqe t\u00eb dyfishta e t\u00eb trefishta q\u00eb garantonin aksesin e an\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb delegacionit, t\u00eb gazetar\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb fotograf\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb prej eventeve m\u00eb t\u00eb njohur lidhur me konferenc\u00ebn qe vendosja e Roosevelt nga rezidenca amerikane, m\u00eb e larg\u00ebta, n\u00eb ambasad\u00ebn e Bashkimit Sovjetik n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb Presidenti amerikan t\u00eb mund t\u00eb mbrohej nga misioni yn\u00eb diplomatik. Si qe e mundur t\u00eb bindej Roosevelt?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitijes s\u00eb konferenc\u00ebs, kjo ide nuk u hodh nga p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesit sovjetik\u00eb: n\u00eb fakt, do t\u00eb shkaktonte reagime negative pran\u00eb amerikan\u00ebve dhe britanik\u00ebve. Ambasada amerikane n\u00eb Teheran po p\u00ebrgatitej q\u00eb t\u00eb priste Presidentin Roosevelt. N\u00eb Teheran kjo ide u hodh dit\u00ebn e par\u00eb q\u00eb u mbajt takimi i p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesve sovjetik\u00eb dhe amerikan\u00eb, fillimisht nga ana e oficer\u00ebve t\u00eb siguris\u00eb, pastaj nga Stalini personalisht, i cili i tha Roosevelt se n\u00eb nj\u00eb situat\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb nga pik\u00ebpamja operative do t\u00eb ishte e preferueshme sikur udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsi amerikan t\u00eb spostohej n\u00eb ambasad\u00ebn sovjetike. Aq m\u00eb shum\u00eb q\u00eb ambientet e ambasad\u00ebs qen\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitur tashm\u00eb p\u00ebr pranin\u00eb e Roosevelt. Presidenti ishte i prekur nga s\u00ebmundja dhe pala jon\u00eb b\u00ebri gjith\u00e7ka t\u00eb mundur q\u00eb ai t\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndjehej komod. Roosevelt pranoi. K\u00ebshtu, Stalini dhe Roosevelt pat\u00ebn mund\u00ebsin\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb diskutojn\u00eb p\u00ebr probleme t\u00eb ndryshme pa pranin\u00eb e Churchill. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb t\u00eb fundit qe duksh\u00ebm nj\u00eb goditje e r\u00ebnd\u00eb, pasi po t\u00eb kihen parasysh pozicionet e Churchill e t\u00eb Roosevelt, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast pozicioni amerikan ishte m\u00eb racional se ai duksh\u00ebm antisovjetik i Churchill. Qartazi q\u00eb aleanca midis Britanis\u00eb s\u00eb Madhe dhe Bashkimit Sovjetik diktohej nga konteksti: urrejtja e Churchill p\u00ebr Rusin\u00eb e m\u00eb pas p\u00ebr Bashkimin Sovjetik ishte organike, idiosinkratike. P\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur nj\u00eb eufemiz\u00ebm, Churchill qe shum\u00eb i irrituar. Sipas d\u00ebshmitar\u00ebve, tha se konferenca kishte p\u00ebrfunduar aty, ndoshta edhe pa filluar\u00a0\u2014 Stalini \u201ce kishte futur n\u00eb xhep\u201d. Ka mund\u00ebsi q\u00eb n\u00eb Teheran Churchill ndjeu p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb se ishte i vet\u00ebm karshi dy lider\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb. Sepse pik\u00ebrisht me rastin e k\u00ebsaj konferenca u b\u00eb ftesa p\u00ebr nj\u00eb drek\u00eb bilaterale drejtuar Churchill p\u00ebr Roosevelt. Presidenti e refuzoi prer\u00eb ftes\u00ebn dhe jasht\u00eb konferenc\u00ebs midis tyre nuk pati takime t\u00eb tjera.<\/p>\n

Pati gj\u00ebra t\u00eb paparashikuara gjat\u00eb konferenc\u00ebs? Si i zgjidh\u00ebn t\u00eb ngarkuarit sovjetik\u00eb t\u00eb siguris\u00eb?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ka mund\u00ebsi q\u00eb eventi i vet\u00ebm q\u00eb u desh t\u00eb organizohej \u201cme t\u00eb mir\u00eb\u201d qe takimi i Stalinit me Shahun iranian Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. M\u00eb 30 n\u00ebntor n\u00eb ambasad\u00ebn ton\u00eb u mbajt vizita e Pahlavi p\u00ebr Roosevelt. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb takimet, p\u00ebrvec atyre m\u00eb protokoll bilateral, qen\u00eb t\u00eb organizuara nga sovjetik\u00ebt. Pas k\u00ebtij takimi t\u00eb par\u00eb, ishte logjike t\u00eb mendohej se edhe takimi midis Stalinit dhe Pahlavit do t\u00eb b\u00ebhej n\u00eb rezidenc\u00ebn sovjetike. Megjithat\u00eb, m\u00eb 1 dhjetor Stalini vendosi tq vizitoj\u00eb pallatin e Shahut. Megjith\u00ebse kjo mund\u00ebsi ishte marr\u00eb n\u00eb konsiderat\u00eb, gjithsesi b\u00ebhej fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb event jo t\u00eb parashikuar na program dhe q\u00eb u krijoi probleme t\u00eb caktuara organeve t\u00eb siguris\u00eb. Por oficer\u00ebt tan\u00eb e njihnin tashm\u00eb struktur\u00ebn e pallatit. Nuk mund t\u00eb thuhet se flitej p\u00ebr nj\u00eb rrezik t\u00eb madh, pasi gjerman\u00ebt nuk pat\u00ebn koh\u00ebn materiale p\u00ebr t\u2019u p\u00ebrgatitur p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb dalje t\u00eb Stalinit dhe vet\u00eb fsheht\u00ebsia e vet\u00eb operacionit mbeti jasht\u00ebzakonisht e lart\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb e njohur se jo vet\u00ebm Roosevelt, por edhe Churchill at\u00ebhere e prit\u00ebn Pahlavi n\u00eb ambasad\u00ebn britanike. Lidhur me k\u00ebt\u00eb mund t\u00eb pohojm\u00eb se vendimi i Stalinit p\u00ebr ta vizituar n\u00eb fakt n\u00eb pallatin e Shahut qe nj\u00eb shenj\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme respekti ndaj 24 vje\u00e7arit Pahlavi? N\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit, n\u00eb Orient k\u00ebto gjeste kan\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi t\u00eb madhe.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Po, mund t\u00eb themi se ky gjest i la nj\u00eb p\u00ebrshtypje t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme Shahut dhe t\u00eb gjith\u00eb establishmentit iranian. Dhe po t\u2019u referohesh dokumentave ku dhuratat diplomatike t\u00eb k\u00ebtij niveli regjistrohen gjithmon\u00eb, Stalinit ju dhuruan dy tapete t\u00eb m\u00ebdha persiane t\u00eb punuara me dor\u00eb. Qysh at\u00ebhere, pas kthimit n\u00eb Mosk\u00eb, nj\u00ebri prej k\u00ebtyre tapeteve gjendet n\u00eb dhom\u00ebn e ngr\u00ebnies n\u00eb da\u00e7\u00ebn e Kuntsevo.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb event i madh i konferenc\u00ebs ndodhi m\u00eb 1 dhjetor: po flas p\u00ebr ceremonin\u00eb solemne e dh\u00ebnies Stalnit n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb Mbretit Xhorxhi i VI-t\u00eb nga ana e Churchill e Shpat\u00ebs P\u00ebrkujtimore mbrojt\u00ebsve heronj t\u00eb Stalingradit. Qartazi, kjo nuk mund t\u00eb krahasohet me shk\u00ebmbimin e dhurata midis \u201cTre t\u00eb M\u00ebdhenjve\u201d. Por \u00ebsht\u00eb e njohur, p\u00ebr shembull, se Churchill p\u00ebr dit\u00eblindjen e tij me 30 n\u00ebntor 1943 ju dhurua nj\u00eb kapu\u00e7 dhe nj\u00eb set statujash t\u00eb vogla prej porcelani q\u00eb paraqisnin disa prej p\u00ebrrallave tona popullore. \u00c7far\u00eb p\u00ebrrallash u zgjodh\u00ebn? Kjo dhurat\u00eb fshihte rast\u00ebsisht edhe ndonj\u00eb aludim?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Paraqitej p\u00ebrralla e peshkut t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb art\u00eb t\u00eb Pushkimit. Plaku, plaka dhe peshku i vog\u00ebl i art\u00eb\u2026 Nuk mendoj se Churchill ishte ndonj\u00eb mbrojt\u00ebs i madh i vepr\u00ebs s\u00eb Pushkimit, por ekspert\u00ebt e Rusis\u00eb ndoshta ia shpjeguan aludimin e qart\u00eb \u201chumbjen e gjith\u00e7kaje q\u00eb njeriu ka fituar\u201d. M\u00eb pas Stalini i dhuroi Churchill konjakun ton\u00eb. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb e din\u00eb se Churchill ju d\u00ebrgua konjak armen i Shustov\u00ebve. P\u00ebrpara revolucionit n\u00eb Rusi kishte dy prodhues t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj konjaku: Shutsov\u00ebt n\u00eb Armeni dhe David Saradzhishvili n\u00eb\u00a0Gjeorgji e Dagestan. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb nuk flitej, por, po t\u2019u p\u00ebrmbahesh dokumentave, Churchill merrte shpesh edhe konjakun e Saradzhishvili. I d\u00ebrgoheshin arka t\u00eb t\u00ebra, duke qen\u00eb se Churchill e p\u00eblqente k\u00ebt\u00eb pije.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit, i p\u00ebrkushtohej aktivisht kultit t\u00eb Bakusit!<\/strong><\/p>\n

Po, por gjithsesi aft\u00ebsin\u00eb intelektive t\u00eb tij nuk e ndjenin.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr burim thot\u00eb se Churchill provoi p\u00ebr her\u00eb ta par\u00eb konjakun sovjetik vet\u00ebm n\u00eb Konferenc\u00ebn e Jalt\u00ebs t\u00eb 1945.<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr aq sa di un\u00eb, arka e par\u00eb e konjakut ju dor\u00ebzua Churchill n\u00eb fundin e vitit 1941 nga ana e Ministrit t\u00eb Jasht\u00ebm britanik Anthony Eden q\u00eb kishte qen\u00eb n\u00eb Mosk\u00eb. Por n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast konjaku ishte nj\u00eb dhurat\u00eb standard protokolli.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb kujtimet e tij, Nikolay Vlasik shkruan se Roosevelt, n\u00eb nj\u00eb pritje t\u00eb mbajtur nga Stalini n\u00eb Teheran, e vler\u00ebsoi shum\u00eb shampanj\u00ebn ton\u00eb dhe se Presidentit amerikan ju d\u00ebrgua nj\u00eb ark\u00eb me k\u00ebt\u00eb pije. \u00c7far\u00eb shampanje ju ofrua aleat\u00ebve nga ana e Stalinit? N\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit, n\u00eb Bashkimin Sovjetik kishte vende t\u00eb ndryshme prodhimi.<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u00ebhej fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb shampanje krimease. Po, shampanja n\u00eb Bashkimin Sovjetik prodhohej edhe tjet\u00ebrkund, por nuk duhet ngat\u00ebrruar prodhimi tradicional i pijes si\u00e7 b\u00ebhet n\u00eb Novy Svet me prodhimin industrial. Jan\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht ndryshe. N\u00eb Teheran sh\u00ebrbehej shampanj\u00eb klasike.<\/p>\n

Si u vlerua personeli i ngarkuar me sigurin\u00eb q\u00eb mori pjes\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitjen dhe zhvillimin e Konferenc\u00ebs s\u00eb Teheranit?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pothuajse t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve ju dhan\u00eb \u00e7mime, urdhra dhe medalje t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme. Duke pasur parasysh munges\u00ebn e p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebs dhe v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsin\u00eb e situat\u00ebs, nga pik\u00ebpamja e siguris\u00eb, ngjarjet gjithsesi u p\u00ebrfunduan n\u00eb nivel t\u00eb lart\u00eb. Pastaj, nga pik\u00ebpamja politike, p\u00ebr Bashkimin Sovjetik rezultatet e konferenc\u00ebs qen\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht pozitive.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrgatiti: ARMIN TIRANA \/ bota.al<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kujtimet ekskluzive e nj\u00eb agjenti sovjetik nga Konferenca e Teheranit e vitit 1943. Delinkuent\u00eb t\u00eb infiltruar n\u00eb trenin e Stalinit, Roosevelt q\u00eb gjen strehim n\u00eb ambasad\u00ebn sovjetike dhe Churchill, q\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u ngush\u00eblluar, ju dha konjakut M\u00eb 28 n\u00ebntor t\u00eb k\u00ebtij viti ka qen\u00eb p\u00ebrvjetori i 75-t\u00eb i fillimit t\u00eb Konferenc\u00ebs s\u00eb Teheranit, takimit t\u00eb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6388,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nSekretet e siguris\u00eb n\u00eb Konferenc\u00ebn e Teheranit t\u00eb vitit 1943 - Informohu qart\u00ebsisht!<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/redaktori.com\/?p=6387\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sq_AL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sekretet e siguris\u00eb n\u00eb Konferenc\u00ebn e Teheranit t\u00eb vitit 1943 - Informohu qart\u00ebsisht!\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kujtimet ekskluzive e nj\u00eb agjenti sovjetik nga Konferenca e Teheranit e vitit 1943. 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