Nga Andrew A.Michta<\/p>\n
\u00cbsht\u00eb koha ta themi me z\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb: Demokracit\u00eb n\u00eb mbar\u00eb Per\u00ebndimin, jan\u00eb n\u00eb pik\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs s\u00eb lire, dhe nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se si do t\u00eb shkojn\u00eb pun\u00ebt mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje n\u00eb 20 apo 30 vitet e ardhshme. Nj\u00eb sondazh i \u201cRasmussen Raport\u201d i dhjetorit 2018, zbuloi se sot vet\u00ebm 26 p\u00ebrqind e t\u00eb rriturve amerikan\u00eb, besojn\u00eb se kan\u00eb liri t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs, nd\u00ebrsa 68 p\u00ebrqind mendojn\u00eb se duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb kujdessh\u00ebm t\u00eb mos thon\u00eb di\u00e7ka politikisht t\u00eb pasakt\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos u futur n\u00eb telashe.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb vitin 1990 kishte rreth 75 \u201cfjalime t\u00eb urrejtjes\u201d n\u00eb kolegjet dhe universitetet amerikane. Vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb vit m\u00eb von\u00eb, numri u rrit n\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 300, para se t\u00eb shtohej n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb dramatike m\u00eb von\u00eb. Sipas Fondacionit p\u00ebr t\u00eb Drejtat Individuale n\u00eb Arsim (FIRE) n\u00eb vitin 2018, 90 p\u00ebrqind e universiteteve amerikane kan\u00eb nj\u00eb rregullore q\u00eb kufizon fjal\u00ebn.<\/p>\n
Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb, Gjermania miratoi n\u00eb vitin 2017 nj\u00eb ligj t\u00eb ri, t\u00eb njohur si NetzDG, q\u00eb parashikon gjoba t\u00eb m\u00ebdha p\u00ebr kompanit\u00eb e mediave sociale, q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb mjaftuesh\u00ebm t\u00eb zellshme n\u00eb policimin e \u201cgjuh\u00ebs s\u00eb urrejtjes\u201d n\u00eb platformat e tyre.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb vitin 2018, Parisi ndoqi shembullin e Berlinit, duke forcuar ligjet e saj mbi \u201cgjuh\u00ebn e urrejtjes\u201d n\u00eb mediat sociale. Po vjet, nj\u00eb sondazh i \u201cYouGov\u201d n\u00eb Mbret\u00ebrin\u00eb e Bashkuar, zbuloi se shum\u00eb votues britanik\u00eb (48 p\u00ebrqind), besonin se kishte \u201cmbi shum\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme k\u00ebto dit\u00eb, ku njer\u00ebzve nuk u lejohet t\u00eb thon\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb mendojn\u00eb\u201d.<\/p>\n
E fundit, por jo m\u00eb pak e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, nj\u00eb raport i vitit 2019 i K\u00ebshillit t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs, arriti n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin se liria e shtypit n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb sot m\u00eb e brisht\u00eb se sa n\u00eb \u00e7do koh\u00eb q\u00eb nga fundi i Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Ftoht\u00eb, duke pasur parasysh rritjen e sulmeve dhe k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet ndaj gazetar\u00ebve. Po si arrit\u00ebm deri n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pik\u00eb?<\/p>\n
P\u00ebr dekada me radh\u00eb, liria p\u00ebr t\u00eb folur dhe debatuar, e drejta m\u00eb themelore e nj\u00eb populli t\u00eb lir\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb gjendur n\u00ebn sulmet e avokat\u00ebve neo-marksist\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb \u201cshoq\u00ebrie m\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb\u201d. Sot e drejta themelore e fjal\u00ebs e lir\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00ebn k\u00ebrc\u00ebnim jo vet\u00ebm nga kodet e fjal\u00ebs, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb nga p\u00ebrshkrimet p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb thuhet, por gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb nga rregulla p\u00ebrshkruese p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb duhet th\u00ebn\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Po pse shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb dhe Amerik\u00eb, duket se synojn\u00eb t\u00eb shtypin impulset thelb\u00ebsisht demokratike p\u00ebr t\u00eb folur lirisht, qoft\u00eb edhe n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb gabuar, p\u00ebr t\u00eb debatuar dhe madje p\u00ebr t\u00eb fyer, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrmes gjith\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, t\u00eb arrijm\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebsojm\u00eb se ajo q\u00eb e kalon prov\u00ebn e mir\u00ebkuptimit, mund t\u00eb arrij\u00eb ndoshta nj\u00eb konsensus m\u00eb t\u00eb madh komb\u00ebtar mbi politik\u00ebn?<\/p>\n
Rr\u00ebnj\u00ebt e jo-liris\u00eb son\u00eb n\u00eb rritje, jan\u00eb mbjell\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb fund t\u00eb viteve 1960, por vet\u00ebm sot mund v\u00ebrtet\u00eb t\u00eb vler\u00ebsojm\u00eb shkall\u00ebn n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn idet\u00eb e asaj kohe, e prish\u00ebn kultur\u00ebn ton\u00eb demokratike. Dallga e fundit neo-marksiste kund\u00ebr fjal\u00ebs s\u00eb lir\u00eb, veproi n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e nj\u00eb brezi t\u00eb vet\u00ebm, rezultat i nj\u00eb mosp\u00ebrputhjeje kulturore, gjat\u00eb s\u00eb cil\u00ebs konservator\u00ebt duket se kan\u00eb humbur ndjenj\u00ebn e kujdesit, dhe liberal\u00ebt t\u00eb mendjes s\u00eb tyre kolektive.<\/p>\n
Si p\u00ebr ironi, sulmi i fundit kund\u00ebr vlerave themelore t\u00eb tradit\u00ebs son\u00eb demokratike, u p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsua nga triumfi ndoshta m\u00eb i madh ideologjik n\u00eb historin\u00eb e Per\u00ebndimit, dhe n\u00eb retrospektiv\u00eb, edhe nga momenti yn\u00eb m\u00eb i rreziksh\u00ebm. Ishte viti 1990, qeveria e par\u00eb post-komuniste ishte formuar tashm\u00eb n\u00eb Poloni prej 1 viti, hungarez\u00ebt kishin hapur kufijt\u00eb e tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb shp\u00ebtuar refugjat\u00ebt nga Gjermania Lindore, dhe \u00e7ek\u00ebt dhe sllovak\u00ebt ishin mbledhur n\u00eb Sheshin Venceslas, p\u00ebr t\u2019i th\u00ebn\u00eb mafias s\u00eb komunizmit, se ishte koha t\u00eb largohej.<\/p>\n
M\u00eb pas u rr\u00ebzua Muri i Berlinit, dhe gjerman\u00ebt mbajt\u00ebn frym\u00ebn pezull, duke shpresuar se \u00ebndrra dikur e pamundur e ribashkimit, do t\u00eb b\u00ebhej realitet. N\u00eb t\u00eb dyja an\u00ebt e Atlantikut, ne brohorisnim \u201cAnnus Mirabilis\u201d (vitin e mrrekullive), duke u ngaz\u00ebllyer nga ai triumf i demokracis\u00eb, q\u00eb dukej i pakthyesh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb fakt, amerikan\u00ebt dhe evropian\u00ebt, kishin t\u00eb gjitha arsyet t\u00eb festonin. Bota dukej e p\u00ebrkryer p\u00ebr t\u00eb pq\u00ebrjetuar nj\u00eb \u201dcunam\u201d t\u00eb ri t\u00eb liris\u00eb. Historia ishte n\u00eb an\u00ebn ton\u00eb, ose t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn k\u00ebshtu pretendonte n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb nj\u00eb mori analist\u00ebsh dhe eksp\u00ebrt\u00ebsh. Tani q\u00eb e gjith\u00eb Evropa kishte afirmuar vler\u00ebn e liris\u00eb, a nuk ishte e qart\u00eb se do t\u00eb pushtonte globin?<\/p>\n
Megjithat\u00eb, momenti i kolapsit sovjetik ruajti nj\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnim t\u00eb fsheht\u00eb, q\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00eb pak se 3 dekada, do t\u00eb thellonte ndarjet tona, dhe do t\u00eb dob\u00ebsonte themelet e liris\u00eb individuale. Ndjesia jon\u00eb e fitores, p\u00ebrmbante brenda saj far\u00ebn ndoshta t\u00eb rrezikut m\u00eb t\u00eb madh, me t\u00eb cilin \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrballur ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb Per\u00ebndimi: siguria ideologjike, jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb t\u00eb majt\u00eb, se kishim plasaritur kodin e gjendjes njer\u00ebzore, dhe mund t\u00eb vazhdonim me pun\u00ebn e p\u00ebrsosjes, si t\u00eb individit ashtu edhe dhe shoq\u00ebris\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Me shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrjen e Bashkimit Sovjetik, ne humb\u00ebm nj\u00eb armik, shoq\u00ebria e t\u00eb cilit ishte nj\u00eb shembull i gjall\u00eb i atyre projekteve q\u00eb synonin ri-inxhinierimin e natyr\u00ebs njer\u00ebzore: humbjen e liris\u00eb, pasuar nga represioni dhe terrori. Pas d\u00ebshtimit t\u00eb eksperimenti bolshevik toksik q\u00eb shkaktoi miliona t\u00eb vdekur, dhe nj\u00eb mjerim njer\u00ebzor t\u00eb pap\u00ebrshkruesh\u00ebm, tundimi i triumfalizmit ishte shum\u00eb i fort\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Megjithat\u00eb, r\u00ebnia sovjetike fuqizoi nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb neo-marksist\u00ebt, dhe progresist\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb n\u00eb Per\u00ebndim, p\u00ebr t\u2019u rikthyer nga vetja, dhe p\u00ebr t\u2019u p\u00ebrq\u00ebndruar tek \u201carmiku i brendsh\u00ebm\u201d, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb ai i \u201csistemit\u201d. Duke harruar p\u00ebrpjekjet e d\u00ebshtuara t\u00eb komunizmit, u b\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtohet nj\u00eb narrativ\u00eb, sipas s\u00eb cil\u00ebs \u201csocializmi i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb\u201d mund t\u00eb kishte arritur n\u00ebse stalinist\u00ebt dhe maoist\u00ebt, nuk do ta kishin korruptuar \u00ebndrr\u00ebn kolektiviste.<\/p>\n
Ata na than\u00eb se n\u00eb epok\u00ebn e globalizimit, modernizimi i orientuar nga eksporti, do t\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pashmangshme ekonomit\u00eb e pazhvilluara nga varf\u00ebria, duke \u00e7uar n\u00eb rritjen e nj\u00eb klase t\u00eb mesme t\u00eb arsimuar, t\u00eb fuqizuar, q\u00eb do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkonte t\u00eb qeverisej nga nj\u00eb qeveri p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuese.<\/p>\n
Edhe sot, disa njer\u00ebz vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb kapen pas k\u00ebtij argumenti, kund\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha provave p\u00ebr t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt\u00ebn. Mjerisht, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e tepruar t\u00eb thuhet se liria po reduktohet n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Per\u00ebndimin, jo p\u00ebr shkak se na kan\u00eb mposhtur n\u00eb betej\u00eb ushtrit\u00eb e huaja. P\u00ebrkundrazi, Per\u00ebndimi po rrezikon gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebhet \u201cpost-demokratik\u201d, pasi vlerat themelore t\u00eb shprehjes s\u00eb lir\u00eb dhe sovranitetit t\u00eb individit, jan\u00eb duke u larguar nga debati publik.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb Evrop\u00eb dhe Amerik\u00eb, ata q\u00eb kan\u00eb aspirata p\u00ebr arritje profesionale n\u00eb univeritet, bot\u00ebn e korporatave, apo mediat duhet t\u2019i p\u00ebrkulen gjithmon\u00eb ortodoksive mbizot\u00ebruese, dhe t\u00eb pastrojn\u00eb fjalimin e tyre nga t\u00eb gjitha frazat e gabuara.<\/p>\n
Duke l\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00ebnjan\u00eb trash\u00ebgimin\u00eb e tij kulturore, dhe duke qen\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb injorant mbi historin\u00eb e tij, Per\u00ebndimi po cop\u00ebtohet p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb linjave racore, etnike dhe ideologjike. Me lirin\u00eb e fjal\u00ebs n\u00ebn sulm, Per\u00ebndimi, si n\u00eb politik\u00eb ashtu si nj\u00eb trash\u00ebgimi kulturore e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb pragun e nj\u00eb beteje themelore p\u00ebr mbijetes\u00ebn e traditave t\u00eb saj demokratike. \u00cbsht\u00eb koha q\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ne t\u00eb ngrihemi p\u00ebr lirin\u00eb. Dhe duhet ta b\u00ebjm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb me z\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Sh\u00ebnim: Andrew A. Michta \u00ebsht\u00eb dekani i Kolegjit t\u00eb Studimeve Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare dhe t\u00eb Siguris\u00eb n\u00eb Qendr\u00ebn Evropiane p\u00ebr Studime t\u00eb Siguris\u00eb Xhorxh C.Marshall<\/p>\n
\u201cAmerican Interest\u201d \u2013 Bota.al<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Nga Andrew A.Michta \u00cbsht\u00eb koha ta themi me z\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb: Demokracit\u00eb n\u00eb mbar\u00eb Per\u00ebndimin, jan\u00eb n\u00eb pik\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs s\u00eb lire, dhe nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se si do t\u00eb shkojn\u00eb pun\u00ebt mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje n\u00eb 20 apo 30 vitet e ardhshme. Nj\u00eb sondazh i \u201cRasmussen Raport\u201d i dhjetorit 2018, zbuloi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6007,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,4],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n