![\"\"](\"https:\/\/politiko.al\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/1-12.jpg\")
Po lexoja nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr historik p\u00ebr origjin\u00ebn e Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, dhe n\u00eb Angli ka nj\u00eb moment n\u00eb fund t\u00eb viteve 1930, kur Zoti Beaverbrook \u2013 baroni m\u00eb i shquar i koh\u00ebs s\u00eb tij \u2013 i shkruan kryeministrit Neville Chamberlain, duke k\u00ebrkuar me k\u00ebmb\u00ebngulje sqarimin e politik\u00ebs britanike ndaj Gjermanis\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Manjat\u00ebt e medias t\u00eb asaj kohe ishin biznesmen\u00eb, para s\u00eb gjithash, duke k\u00ebrkuar t\u00eb fitonin para nga lajmet. Por ata gjithashtu ishin t\u00eb interesuar p\u00ebr lajmet: Ata e kuptuan rolin kritik q\u00eb luajt\u00ebn n\u00eb edukimin e publikut dhe p\u00ebrjet\u00ebsimin e nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebrie t\u00eb lir\u00eb. Mark Zuckerberg \u00ebsht\u00eb \u2018Zoti yn\u00eb Beaverbrook\u2019, vet\u00ebm n\u00eb nj\u00eb shkall\u00eb 1000 her\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe.<\/p>\n
A mund ta imagjinoni at\u00eb duke i telefonuar presidentit, p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar sqarimin e nj\u00eb pike t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb politik\u00ebs? Un\u00eb nuk mundem. Dhe ky \u00ebsht\u00eb problemi. Platformat jan\u00eb po aq t\u00eb dobishme p\u00ebr shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb sa pronar\u00ebt e tyre duan q\u00eb ato t\u00eb jen\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Sherry Turkle, autore e \u2018Life on the Screen\u2019 dhe psikologe klinike n\u00eb Institutin e Teknologjis\u00eb n\u00eb Massachusetts<\/strong><\/p>\n Online, ajo ndihej m\u00eb pak e pambrojtur. Miq\u00ebsit\u00eb n\u00eb Facebook ofrojn\u00eb ndjesin\u00eb e lidhjes pa k\u00ebrkesat e intimitetit. Dhe ajo nuk mund t\u00eb shihte se si gjestet e saj t\u00eb vogla t\u00eb miq\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrzgjedhja e miqve ishin shum\u00eb t\u00eb vlefshme.<\/p>\n Ky ishte miti themelues. Dhe ishte nj\u00eb mit. N\u00eb mask\u00ebn e Facebook, secili prej nesh u b\u00eb nj\u00eb lloj i ri i mallrave t\u00eb mbik\u00ebqyrur dhe t\u00eb manipuluar. \u201cJeta jon\u00eb e vog\u00ebl\u201d ishte qendra e asaj q\u00eb ishte bler\u00eb dhe shitur n\u00eb copa t\u00eb vogla. N\u00eb lan\u00e7imin e Facebook, shpreha mosbesimin tim q\u00eb ne mund t\u00eb kishim afrimitet pa privat\u00ebsi dhe demokraci pa privat\u00ebsi. Por un\u00eb mendova p\u00ebr t\u00eb dy problemet ve\u00e7 e ve\u00e7. Facebook na m\u00ebsoi se ne mund t\u2019i konsiderojm\u00eb ato s\u00eb bashku. Modeli i biznesit t\u00eb medias sociale shiti privat\u00ebsin\u00eb ton\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra q\u00eb c\u00ebnuan demokracin\u00eb.<\/p>\n E gjith\u00eb kjo ndodhi n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb \u00a0aq t\u00eb qart\u00eb dhe ne nuk donim t\u00eb shihnim. Ne kishim nj\u00eb lidhje dashurie me nj\u00eb teknologji q\u00eb dukej magjike. Dhe si di\u00e7ka magjike, ajo funksionoi duke e udh\u00ebzuar mendimin ton\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb ta zhvendoste v\u00ebmendjen nga ajo q\u00eb po ndodhte.<\/p>\n Tani, duhet t\u00eb jetojm\u00eb me shum\u00eb teknologji q\u00eb sfidojn\u00eb demokracin\u00eb dhe vet\u00ebdijen. Ne do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb luftojm\u00eb me gjith\u00e7ka, nga makinat q\u00eb mund t\u00eb pretendojn\u00eb t\u00eb na duan, tek programet q\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndjekin l\u00ebvizjet tona dhe t\u00eb autorizojn\u00eb se ku mund t\u00eb shkojm\u00eb, \u00e7far\u00eb mund t\u00eb lexojm\u00eb dhe \u00e7far\u00eb mund t\u00eb shohim. Si do t\u00eb rregullojm\u00eb programet q\u00eb mund t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb \u00e7do mesazh t\u00eb transmetohet nga ndonj\u00eb imazh? \u00c7far\u00eb fillon n\u00ebp\u00ebr kafenera p\u00ebrfundon n\u00eb nj\u00eb mjet manipulimi masiv.<\/p>\n Facebook do t\u00eb kishte qen\u00eb mir\u00eb n\u00ebse na ka m\u00ebsuar domosdoshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e ushtrimit t\u00eb kontrollit social mbi teknologji t\u00eb tilla. Do t\u00eb ishte mir\u00eb n\u00ebse do t\u00eb krijohet nj\u00eb terren p\u00ebr testimin e disa eksperimenteve t\u00eb para q\u00eb tregon se si ta b\u00ebjn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb.<\/p>\n Por eksperienca n\u00eb Facebook do t\u00eb kishte qen\u00eb e keqe n\u00ebse do t\u00eb na m\u00ebsonte se rezistenca ndaj sulmeve t\u00eb papritura t\u00eb korporatave mbi vet\u00ebdijen dhe n\u00ebnshtet\u00ebsin\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e kot\u00eb. Se njer\u00ebzit duan komoditete dhe jan\u00eb t\u00eb gatsh\u00ebm ta kthejn\u00eb v\u00ebmendjen e tyre nga shpenzimet. Nuk do t\u00eb jemi m\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb themi: \u201cKush do t\u00eb kujdeset p\u00ebr ne dhe jet\u00ebn ton\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl?\u201d Ne e dim\u00eb se kush kujdeset dhe pse.<\/p>\n Jonah Peretti, bashk\u00eb-themelues dhe shef ekzekutiv i BuzzFeed<\/strong><\/p>\n A do t\u00eb pranojn\u00eb se jan\u00eb platform\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrmbajtjen e t\u00eb gjitha llojeve \u2013 fotot e foshnjave, d\u00ebshirat e dit\u00eblindjes dhe videot e pushimeve, por edhe lajmet, arg\u00ebtimet dhe m\u00ebnyrat e jetes\u00ebs? Ose do t\u00eb insistojn\u00eb q\u00eb ata t\u00eb jen\u00eb nj\u00eb platform\u00eb e past\u00ebr e teknologjis\u00eb, dhe t\u00eb pretendojn\u00eb se nuk jan\u00eb motori m\u00eb i madh i shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb informacionit n\u00eb bot\u00eb?<\/p>\n A do t\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb l\u00ebn\u00eb vet\u00ebm cop\u00ebza nga kompanit\u00eb dhe krijuesit q\u00eb furnizojn\u00eb Facebook? Apo do t\u00eb ndajn\u00eb t\u00eb ardhura t\u00eb mjaftueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur p\u00ebrmbajtje cil\u00ebsore nga nj\u00eb grup i ndrysh\u00ebm z\u00ebrash q\u00eb informon, arg\u00ebton dhe frym\u00ebzon?<\/p>\n Vet\u00ebm Facebook mund t\u2019u p\u00ebrgjigjet k\u00ebtyre pyetjeve. Por un\u00eb nuk jam i sigurt se bota do t\u2019u jap\u00eb atyre edhe 15 vjet p\u00ebr ta kuptuar.<\/p>\n Ro Khanna, an\u00ebtar i Kongresit t\u00eb SHBA q\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson Silicon Valley<\/strong><\/p>\n Pa dyshim, ka pasur keqp\u00ebrdorim t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre platformave nga nd\u00ebrhyrjet e huaja dhe grupet e urrejtjes. Platforma do t\u00eb zhvilloj\u00eb demokracin\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00ebse drejtuesit e Facebook-ut b\u00ebjn\u00eb ndryshime strukturore dhe miratojn\u00eb rregulla q\u00eb do t\u00eb nxisin komunikimin q\u00eb bazohet n\u00eb fakte, arsye dhe respekt.<\/p>\n A ka pasur Facebook-u, n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi, nj\u00eb ndikim pozitiv n\u00eb bot\u00eb? E pra, i ka lejuar njer\u00ebzit n\u00ebp\u00ebr kombe t\u00eb ndajn\u00eb mendimet e tyre dhe t\u00eb komunikojn\u00eb. Kjo ka lejuar an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e diaspor\u00ebs t\u00eb q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb t\u00eb lidhur me t\u00eb af\u00ebrmit e tyre. Ajo ka ndihmuar t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb nj\u00eb ndjenj\u00eb t\u00eb komunitetit n\u00eb nj\u00eb epok\u00eb kur familjet jan\u00eb ndar\u00eb.<\/p>\n P\u00ebrs\u00ebri, platforma \u00ebsht\u00eb keqp\u00ebrdorur p\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer krime t\u00eb t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb njeriut n\u00eb Myanmar dhe gjithashtu nga grupe t\u00eb dhunshme n\u00eb shum\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb bot\u00ebs. Duhet shum\u00eb angazhim p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar q\u00eb k\u00ebto lloje abuzimi t\u00eb mos ndodhin n\u00eb vitet n\u00eb vijim. Ne nuk mund ta minimizojm\u00eb an\u00ebn e err\u00ebt t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre platformave, madje edhe kur nxjerrim dobit\u00eb e tyre.<\/p>\n Brooke Binkowski, ish-drejtuese e Snopes.com<\/strong><\/p>\n Kjo mund t\u00eb zgjidhet leht\u00ebsisht ose duke hequr t\u00eb gjitha algoritmet ose duke vendosur ato algoritme direkt n\u00eb duart e p\u00ebrdoruesve dhe duke i b\u00ebr\u00eb ato plot\u00ebsisht transparente dhe t\u00eb personalizueshme. Ata gjithashtu duhet t\u00eb pun\u00ebsojn\u00eb moderator\u00eb.<\/p>\n Ajo q\u00eb Facebook duhet t\u00eb kuptoj\u00eb m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti \u00ebsht\u00eb se fjala e lir\u00eb pushon s\u00eb qeni e lir\u00eb kur p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb heshtur t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt. Pra, n\u00ebse nj\u00eb grumbull i lajmeve t\u00eb rreme p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb manipuluar opinionin publik duke ndikuar \u2026 oh, le t\u00eb themi vet\u00ebm artikujt se George Soros ishte nazist dhe vras\u00ebs foshnjash, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr ta heshtur at\u00eb dhe mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebsit e tij dhe k\u00ebshtu ajo tani pushon s\u00eb qeni fjal\u00eb e lir\u00eb.<\/p>\n N\u00ebse ajo q\u00eb ju keni p\u00ebr t\u00eb th\u00ebn\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb duke u manipuluar nga algoritmet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb disa njer\u00ebz ta shohin at\u00eb dhe t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt jo, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu duke c\u00ebnuar fjal\u00ebn e lir\u00eb. Pasi Facebook merr p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsin\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00eb morale q\u00eb \u00e7do ofrues i komunikimit masiv t\u00eb marr\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha t\u00eb drejtat para se t\u00eb filloj\u00eb ta p\u00ebrdorin at\u00eb, ndoshta individ\u00ebt do t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzojn\u00eb potencialin e tyre t\u00eb mrekulluesh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n Sa i p\u00ebrket infrastruktur\u00ebs dhe leht\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb komunikimit, nuk mund t\u00eb thuash asgj\u00eb negative. Si shit\u00ebs t\u00eb dezinformimit, ata duhet t\u00eb sanksionohen ashp\u00ebr. Shikoni t\u00eb gjith\u00eb kaosin q\u00eb kan\u00eb lejuar, aktivizuar ose mbjell\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt \u2013 dhe ende nuk dim\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e d\u00ebmit q\u00eb kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb.<\/p>\n Vet\u00ebm transparenca e plot\u00eb q\u00eb fuqizohet do t\u2019i shp\u00ebtoj\u00eb tani. \u00cbsht\u00eb koha.<\/p>\n Steven Pinker, autor i \u2018Iluminizem tani\u2019 dhe profesor i psikologjis\u00eb n\u00eb Universitetin e Harvardit<\/strong><\/p>\n Mediat sociale tani po faj\u00ebsohen p\u00ebr \u00e7do problem n\u00eb planet, nga shkat\u00ebrrimi i demokracis\u00eb te shkat\u00ebrrimi i brezit t\u00eb ri. Nuk ka dyshim se platformat, si t\u00eb gjitha teknologjit\u00eb e reja, kan\u00eb pasur pasoja negative t\u00eb paq\u00ebllimshme dhe se reformat dhe ligjet e reja do t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u2019i zbutur ato. Por p\u00ebrditshm\u00ebria n\u00eb mediat kryesore \u00ebsht\u00eb kaq shqet\u00ebsuese pasi ato ofrojn\u00eb pak njohuri.<\/p>\n S\u00eb pari, ata nuk e balancojn\u00eb ankthin e tyre me nj\u00eb perspektiv\u00eb historike q\u00eb tregon se \u00e7do medium i ri pritet me frik\u00eb. K\u00ebto p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb internetin, kompjuterin personal, televizionin, radion, telefonin, gazetat, novel\u00ebn, shtypshkronj\u00ebn dhe shkrimin vet\u00eb. Ata as nuk e pranojn\u00eb se mediat shoq\u00ebrore nuk jan\u00eb thjesht iniciator\u00ebt e thashethemeve t\u00eb pabazuara, g\u00ebnjeshtrave virale dhe teorive t\u00eb konspiracionit, t\u00eb cilat kan\u00eb shkaktuar luft\u00ebra dhe p\u00ebrplasje p\u00ebr shekuj me radh\u00eb.<\/p>\n S\u00eb dyti, kritik\u00ebt n\u00eb mediat kryesore nuk zbulojn\u00eb nj\u00eb konflikt interesi. Mediat sociale, duke p\u00ebrfituar para, jan\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimi m\u00eb i madh p\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhurat e gazeta-shit\u00ebsve q\u00eb nga Craigslist, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se k\u00ebto dyqane kan\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb fituar n\u00ebse kompanit\u00eb e mediave sociale falimentojn\u00eb, rregullohen ose p\u00ebrndryshe bllokohen.<\/p>\n Kjo nuk do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se sulmet ndaj mediave sociale jan\u00eb komprometuar n\u00eb thelb, dhe as nuk do t\u00eb thot\u00eb q\u00eb ne duhet t\u00eb jemi t\u00eb shqet\u00ebsuar nga k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet financiare q\u00eb p\u00ebrballen me burime standarde t\u00eb lajmeve. Por \u00ebsht\u00eb e zakonshme q\u00eb t\u00eb zbulohen konfliktet e interesit n\u00eb deklaratat e pozicionit nga agjent\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, dhe kjo ka kaluar pa u zmbrapsur.<\/p>\n S\u00eb treti, tani q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb \u2018rruga e lir\u00eb\u2019 n\u00eb platformat e mediave sociale, shum\u00eb banalitete kan\u00eb ngritur k\u00ebrc\u00ebnime ekzistenciale. Po, mediat sociale jan\u00eb tregtar\u00ebt e v\u00ebmendjes q\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb shikues p\u00ebr reklamuesit. Pra, jan\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha mediat e nxitura nga reklamat, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb gazetat dhe televizionin.<\/p>\n Po, ata i shesin t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e klient\u00ebve tek organizata t\u00eb ndryshme. Dhe po, ato mund t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzohen p\u00ebr t\u00eb manipuluar shikuesit. Por p\u00ebr sa koh\u00eb q\u00eb ka pasur media lajmesh, ka pasur prodhues t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjeve t\u00eb dizajnuara p\u00ebr t\u2019i shfryt\u00ebzuar ato, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb foto, tinguj, tubimet e fushat\u00ebs, konferencat p\u00ebr media, njoftimet p\u00ebr media, dokumente t\u00eb falsifikuara, dhe sulmet terroriste.<\/p>\n S\u00eb kat\u00ebrti, problemet e krijuara nga mediat sociale ndryshojn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb ky\u00e7e nga luft\u00ebrat, diktaturat, epidemit\u00eb dhe goditjet e tjera: Ato nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb imponuara p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit, por jan\u00eb t\u00eb zgjedhura lirsh\u00ebm. Miliarda njer\u00ebz kan\u00eb vendosur q\u00eb p\u00ebrfitimet nga mediat sociale t\u00eb tejkalojn\u00eb kostot e tyre. Kjo nuk do t\u00eb thot\u00eb domosdoshm\u00ebrisht q\u00eb mediat sociale jan\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrfitim; njer\u00ebzit mund t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb zgjedhje q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebqija p\u00ebr ta, si droga dhe mund t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb zgjedhje q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb mira ve\u00e7 p\u00ebr ta, dhe t\u00eb k\u00ebqija p\u00ebr bot\u00ebn, si emetimet e karbonit.<\/p>\n Por \u00e7do vler\u00ebsim duhet t\u00eb marr\u00eb n\u00eb konsiderat\u00eb k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsit\u00eb q\u00eb vet\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit shohin te platforma. Duhet gjithashtu t\u00eb shqyrtoj\u00eb problemet p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat mediat sociale u hartuan p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur. Mos harroni zem\u00ebrimin gjat\u00eb viteve 1990 rreth p\u00ebrqendrimit t\u00eb medias? Disa korporata me nj\u00eb penges\u00eb p\u00ebr shp\u00ebrndarjen n\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb informacionit mund t\u00eb \u201cprodhonin p\u00eblqimin\u201d, liria e shtypit i takon atyre q\u00eb zot\u00ebrojn\u00eb nj\u00eb medium, dhe k\u00ebshtu me radh\u00eb. E pra, duket se e kemi zgjidhur k\u00ebt\u00eb problem. Por zgjidhjet krijojn\u00eb probleme t\u00eb reja q\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb koh\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u zgjidhur nga ana e tyre.<\/p>\n S\u00eb fundi, shum\u00eb nga thashethemet rreth patologjive sociale, psikologjike dhe politike t\u00eb zgjidhura nga mediat sociale nuk i mbijetojn\u00eb kontrollit t\u00eb fakteve. Studimet e kujdesshme kan\u00eb treguar se mediat sociale nuk kan\u00eb \u00e7uar n\u00eb epidemit\u00eb e vetmis\u00eb, depresionit dhe vet\u00ebvrasjes (shih referencat n\u00eb kapitullin \u201cLumturia\u201d t\u00eb \u2018Iluminizem tani\u2019 dhe n\u00eb esen\u00eb time pasuese). Dhe nd\u00ebrsa shkenc\u00ebtari politik Brendan Nyhan e shprehu at\u00eb n\u00eb titullin e nj\u00eb artikulli t\u00eb vitit 2018, \u201cLajmet e rreme mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnda, por fuqia e tyre politike \u00ebsht\u00eb e mbingarkuar\u201d.<\/p>\n A do t\u00eb jet\u00eb efekti i mediave sociale pozitiv apo negativ? Un\u00eb dyshoj se p\u00ebrgjigjja do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e ngjashme me ato p\u00ebr \u00e7do medium tjet\u00ebr, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb gazetat dhe televizionin: efektet gjithmon\u00eb do t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrziera dhe kur t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb koh\u00eb, njer\u00ebzit dhe shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb do t\u00eb ken\u00eb kuptuar se si t\u2019i b\u00ebjn\u00eb p\u00ebrfitimet m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha se shpenzimet.<\/p>\n Jonathan Haidt, autor i \u2018The Coddling of the American Mind\u2019 dhe profesor n\u00eb Universitetin e New York-ut<\/strong><\/p>\n S\u00eb pari, normat e depresionit, ankthit, vet\u00ebk\u00ebnaq\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe vet\u00ebvrasjes po rriten me shpejt\u00ebsi te t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb e lindur pas vitit 1995 \u2013 \u201cGen Z\u201d, e cila ka qen\u00eb kryesisht n\u00eb platformat e mediave sociale si Facebook, Instagram dhe Snapchat q\u00eb nga shkolla e mesme. Kjo rritje e \u00e7rregullimeve t\u00eb humorit nuk po ndodh n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha vendet, por po ndodh \u2013 ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht tek vajzat \u2013 n\u00eb SHBA, Britani t\u00eb Madhe dhe Kanada. Ka studime empirike q\u00eb tregojn\u00eb nj\u00eb lidhje shkak\u00ebsore me p\u00ebrdorimin e madh t\u00eb mediave sociale dhe ka studime q\u00eb e hedhin posht\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb hipotez\u00eb. Un\u00eb parashikoj se nj\u00eb konsensus do t\u00eb dal\u00eb n\u00eb fund t\u00eb vitit 2019 dhe se do t\u00eb jet\u00eb se p\u00ebrdorimi i madh i mediave sociale d\u00ebmton shum\u00eb vajza t\u00eb reja adoleshente, duke reduktuar shanset e tyre t\u00eb suksesit n\u00eb jet\u00eb.<\/p>\n Problemi i dyt\u00eb potencialisht gjigant \u00ebsht\u00eb se demokracit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha, t\u00eb ndryshme dhe laike jan\u00eb n\u00eb thelb t\u00eb paq\u00ebndrueshme, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb t\u00eb prirura p\u00ebr t\u2019u ndar\u00eb, n\u00ebse nuk ekzistojn\u00eb forca \u201ccentripetale\u201d t\u00eb mjaftueshme q\u00eb t\u00ebrheqin drejt qendr\u00ebs (t\u00eb tilla si t\u00eb ken\u00eb nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt, rituale dhe vlera t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta, institucionet themelore politike dhe ekonomike t\u00eb vendit).<\/p>\n Facebook dhe platformat e tjera t\u00eb mediave sociale jan\u00eb forca t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme centrifugale, q\u00eb lidhin bashk\u00eb grupet p\u00ebr t\u00eb luftuar grupet e tjera brenda vendit t\u00eb tyre, t\u00eb nxitur nga videot virale dhe teorit\u00eb e konspiracionit. Ne po i shohim tashm\u00eb k\u00ebto efekte n\u00eb shum\u00eb vende.<\/p>\n Un\u00eb parashikoj se deri n\u00eb vitin 2030 do t\u00eb shohim kolapsin spektakolar politik ose ndarjen gjeografike t\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb demokracie per\u00ebndimore q\u00eb dukej e fort\u00eb n\u00eb dit\u00ebn kur u themelua Facebook, 15 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb. Shpresa ime \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit, shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb dhe qeverit\u00eb do t\u00eb gjejn\u00eb m\u00ebnyra p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatur apo rregulluar mediat sociale q\u00eb do t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb q\u00eb parashikimi im t\u00eb jet\u00eb i gabuar.<\/p>\n Peter W. Singer, autor i \u2018Like War: The Weaponization of Social Media\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n Skena \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb rezisenc\u00eb n\u00eb Silicon Valley dhe nj\u00eb i ri n\u00eb mosh\u00eb kolegji \u00ebsht\u00eb i ulur n\u00eb nj\u00eb kanape, me filxhan t\u00eb kuq Solo n\u00eb dor\u00eb. Duke folur para nj\u00eb kamere, ai po p\u00ebrpiqet t\u00eb shpjegoj\u00eb konceptin e k\u00ebtij biznesi t\u00eb ri t\u00eb \u00e7uditsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin ka l\u00ebn\u00eb shkoll\u00ebn.<\/p>\n TheFacebook.com \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb nga kompanit\u00eb m\u00eb fitimprur\u00ebse dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb fuqishme n\u00eb bot\u00eb. Gjithashtu, ai e ka b\u00ebr\u00eb at\u00eb adoleshent, Mark Zuckerberg, jo vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb miliarder, por sundimtar t\u00eb nj\u00eb mbret\u00ebrie dixhitale q\u00eb ka m\u00eb shum\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00eb sesa \u00e7do komb i vet\u00ebm n\u00eb bot\u00eb.<\/p>\n \u00cbsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht ajo q\u00eb parashikoi Zuckerberg, edhe pse ndoshta jo n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn q\u00eb ai kishte planifikuar. Facebook \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb lloj pasqyre e asaj q\u00eb ekziston n\u00eb jet\u00ebn reale. Ne e p\u00ebrdorim at\u00eb, dhe rrjeti i kompanive \u2013 nga Instagram n\u00eb WhatsApp \u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb bler\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb reflektuar n\u00eb bot\u00eb tregimet e jet\u00ebs son\u00eb.<\/p>\n Ne ndajm\u00eb \u00e7do gj\u00eb, nga postimet e p\u00ebrzem\u00ebrta nga \u00e7far\u00eb ose kush na intereson m\u00eb shum\u00eb, deri tek ajo q\u00eb na zbavit, nd\u00ebrsa ulemi n\u00eb divan (ndoshta filxhanin e kuq n\u00eb nj\u00ebr\u00ebn dor\u00eb dhe smartphone-in n\u00eb tjetr\u00ebn). Ky pasqyrim, megjithat\u00eb, do t\u00eb thot\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha aspektet negative t\u00eb jet\u00ebs reale vijn\u00eb, nga fushatat e bezdisshme reklamuese n\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb politik\u00ebs, krimit, terrorizmit dhe luft\u00ebs.<\/p>\n Facebook u b\u00eb nj\u00eb lloj i ri i hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs p\u00ebr komunikim dhe pastaj treg p\u00ebr an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e komunitetit, por gjithashtu u b\u00eb nj\u00eb fush\u00eb beteje e re q\u00eb ndihmon n\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktimin e rezultatit t\u00eb gjith\u00e7kaje nga zgjedhjet te genocidi. M\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmja, p\u00ebr shkak se \u00ebsht\u00eb online, do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se \u201cpasqyra\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb e deformuar. Reflektimet e tij jan\u00eb riformuluar nga gjith\u00e7ka, nga zgjedhjet tona t\u00eb nd\u00ebrgjegjshme t\u00eb asaj p\u00ebr t\u00eb postuar (ose jo) me manipulimet algoritmike dhe t\u00eb q\u00ebllimshme q\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm at\u00eb q\u00eb shohim n\u00eb ushqimet tona, por at\u00eb q\u00eb mendojm\u00eb p\u00ebr bot\u00ebn reale.<\/p>\n \u00c7\u00ebshtja e ndikimit pozitiv ose negativ, pra, do t\u00eb zgjidhet nga ajo q\u00eb shohim n\u00eb at\u00eb pasqyr\u00eb dhe \u00e7ka secili prej nesh zgjedh t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb.<\/p>\n David Axelrod, ish-kryestrateg i fushatave presidenciale t\u00eb Barak Obam\u00ebs<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00c7far\u00ebdo aspekti pozitiv \u00ebsht\u00eb tejkaluar nga k\u00ebto shqet\u00ebsime.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Dana Perino, Fox News, moderatore e \u201cThe Daily Briefing\u201d dhe bashk\u00ebpun\u00ebtore n\u00eb \u2018The Five\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n Facebook siguroi nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb rilidhur njer\u00ebz nga t\u00eb gjitha sferat e jet\u00ebs, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht gjeneratat q\u00eb nuk u rrit\u00ebn me telefonat celular\u00eb. Nj\u00eb shembull i mir\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb burri im dhe thjeshtri i tij \u2013 ata ishin larg prej pothuajse 18 vitesh, kur m\u00eb n\u00eb fund Barry kontaktoi baban\u00eb e tij n\u00eb Dit\u00ebn e Krishtlindjes nja dy vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb. Tani i quaj \u201c\u00e7ifti i lumtur\u201d \u2013 kjo ka sjell\u00eb shum\u00eb g\u00ebzim n\u00eb jet\u00ebn ton\u00eb.<\/p>\n P\u00ebrtej sjelljes s\u00eb njer\u00ebzve, p\u00ebrs\u00ebri Facebook ka ndihmuar njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb fillojn\u00eb dhe t\u00eb rrisin bizneset, dhe markat e tyre. Ai siguron energji p\u00ebr krijimtarin\u00eb, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb e mir\u00eb p\u00ebr shpirtin njer\u00ebzor.<\/p>\n Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, ne t\u00eb gjith\u00eb e dim\u00eb p\u00ebr ngacmimin dhe komentet negative, nd\u00ebrhyrjen e huaj, rekrutimin e terrorist\u00ebve \u2013 dhe m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si diktator\u00ebt n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn po p\u00ebrdorin Facebook p\u00ebr t\u00eb monitoruar qytetar\u00ebt dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb kufizuar p\u00ebrmbajtjen e lajmeve vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr informacionin e sponsorizuar nga qeveria. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb sfida q\u00eb njohim tashm\u00eb; me siguri, m\u00eb shum\u00eb do t\u00eb dalin. Pra, n\u00eb p\u00ebrvjetorin e 15-t\u00eb, Facebook \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00ebn v\u00ebzhgim. Industria e teknologjis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb si Firmat e Medha Farmaceutike, Kompanite e Medha te Naftes, Duhani dhe Pijet Alkoolike, t\u00eb gjitha n\u00eb nj\u00eb \u2013 rregullimi po vjen \u2026 a do t\u00eb jet\u00eb efektiv? Kjo mbetet p\u00ebr t\u2019u par\u00eb.<\/p>\n Un\u00eb besoj se t\u00eb pasurit Facebook \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb se t\u00eb mos kesh Facebook. Sidomos duke pasur parasysh t\u00eb gjitha fotot e Jasper q\u00eb ju mund t\u00eb shihni n\u00eb faqen time!<\/p>\n Mark Warner, senator amerikan nga Virxhinia dhe n\u00ebnkryetar i Komitetit t\u00eb Inteligjenc\u00ebs n\u00eb Senat<\/strong><\/p>\n I nj\u00ebjti zgjerim i komunikimit dhe minimizimi i barrierave i lejoi Rusis\u00eb t\u00eb krijonte mij\u00ebra llogari t\u00eb rreme, grupe dhe faqe p\u00ebr t\u00eb nxitur ndarjen; p\u00ebrhapja e keqinformimit; dhe p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndikuar n\u00eb zgjedhjet e vitit 2016. Dhe tashm\u00eb po shohim aktor\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebqij.<\/p>\n Zbulesa m\u00eb e fundit n\u00eb lidhje me praktikat e grumbullimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb Facebook dhe shkeljet e privat\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve kan\u00eb n\u00ebnvizuar r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e Facebook duke punuar s\u00eb bashku me Kongresin p\u00ebr t\u00eb adresuar k\u00ebto \u00e7\u00ebshtje serioze. K\u00ebshtu do t\u00eb vendos\u00eb Facebook t\u00eb punoj\u00eb me ne p\u00ebr t\u00eb trajtuar k\u00ebto probleme? At\u00ebher\u00eb ndoshta do t\u00eb kemi p\u00ebrgjigjen ton\u00eb.<\/p>\n Meredith Broussard, autore e \u2018Artificial Unintelligence: How Computers Misunderstand the World\u2019 dhe profesore n\u00eb Universitetin e Nju Jorkut<\/strong><\/p>\n Un\u00eb mendoj se ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb angazhim i tep\u00ebrt ndaj mjeteve teknologjike [n\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn]. Mendoj se ne si shoq\u00ebri kemi l\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00ebnjan\u00eb iden\u00eb se hap\u00ebsira kibernetike \u00ebsht\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht e ndryshme nga ajo e bot\u00ebs reale. Dhe nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb. K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb un\u00eb mendoj se ne kemi shum\u00eb probleme q\u00eb rrjedhin nga ky mashtrim rreth hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs kibernetike. K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb un\u00eb mendoj se duhet t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb t\u00eb trajtojm\u00eb hap\u00ebsirat digjitale si hap\u00ebsirat fizike dhe trajtimin e kompanive digjitale si \u00e7do kompani tjet\u00ebr.<\/p>\n Pra, nj\u00eb nga gj\u00ebrat q\u00eb ndodh n\u00eb Facebook \u00ebsht\u00eb se policia e p\u00ebrdor at\u00eb p\u00ebr mbik\u00ebqyrje. Teknologjit\u00eb e policis\u00eb jan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb disproporcionale kund\u00ebr komuniteteve t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve me ngjyr\u00eb dhe popullatave t\u00eb pambrojtura. Ka shum\u00eb pabarazi n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si funksionojn\u00eb policia dhe teknologjit\u00eb. Natyrisht, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00eb Facebook \u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb kudo.<\/p>\n Un\u00eb kam qen\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb nj\u00eb i rritur n\u00eb Facebook. Nj\u00eb nga gj\u00ebrat q\u00eb un\u00eb mendoj se duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb e tmerrshme p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt n\u00eb Facebook, \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb kesh gjith\u00eb jet\u00ebn e shkoll\u00ebs s\u00eb mesme atje. Un\u00eb jam nj\u00eb person me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb i ndrysh\u00ebm nga sa isha kur isha f\u00ebmij\u00eb dhe m\u00eb p\u00eblqen q\u00eb kam pasur rastin t\u00eb rritem dhe t\u00eb ndryshoj dhe t\u00eb b\u00ebhem m\u00eb mir\u00eb dhe se e kaluara nuk po m\u00eb peshon. K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb un\u00eb mendoj se nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e drejt\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb t\u00eb mbajn\u00eb barr\u00ebn e s\u00eb kaluar\u00ebs.<\/p>\n Ne kemi nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb rregullim t\u00eb kompanive t\u00eb Facebook dhe t\u00eb teknologjis\u00eb. Mendoj se kemi b\u00ebr\u00eb eksperimentet e \u201cle t\u00eb provojm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb dhe t\u00eb shohim se si shkon\u201d. Dhe nuk ka shkuar aq mir\u00eb sa kemi shpresuar. Ne duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb nj\u00eb bised\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, si nj\u00eb publik dhe si nj\u00eb komunitet. Mendoj se nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e problemit \u00ebsht\u00eb se ka disa njer\u00ebz q\u00eb thon\u00eb se kjo do t\u00eb jet\u00eb dhe do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqet t\u00eb qeveris\u00eb teknologjin\u00eb si nj\u00eb diktatur\u00eb. Mendoj se jemi demokraci dhe ne duhet t\u00eb kemi nj\u00eb bised\u00eb publike p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb.<\/p>\n Aminatou Sow, bashkautore e k\u00ebng\u00ebs \u2018Call Your Girlfriend\u2019 dhe bashk\u00eb-themeluese e Tech LadyMafia<\/strong><\/p>\n M\u00eb kujtohet tronditja e lidhjes digjitale me miq t\u00eb ngusht\u00eb dhe pastaj emocionet e krijimit t\u00eb miqve t\u00eb rinj. Jam regjistruar si studente dhe nuk e kisha parashikuar se rrjeti do t\u00eb m\u00eb ndjek\u00eb pas kolegjit.<\/p>\n Nd\u00ebrsa sh\u00ebrbimi u zgjerua, nj\u00eblloj ndodhte me dhimbjet e kok\u00ebs dhe konfuzionet e privat\u00ebsis\u00eb. \u201cKush \u00ebsht\u00eb mik?\u201d \u201cA \u00ebsht\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb shtoni bashk\u00ebpun\u00ebtor\u00ebt tuaj si miq?\u201d \u201cA mund t\u2019i k\u00ebrkoj miqve t\u2019i heqin k\u00ebto foto me mua?\u201d \u201cOh shit, tani edhe kush\u00ebrinjt\u00eb tan\u00eb jan\u00eb k\u00ebtu !? \u201c\u201d \u00c7far\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb n\u00ebse i dashuri im \u00ebsht\u00eb ose nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb \u2018nj\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie\u2019 me mua? \u201cJan\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha pyetje p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat m\u00eb duhej p\u00ebrgjigje.<\/p>\n P\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, Facebook m\u00eb ndihmoi t\u00eb lidhem me qoshet e larg\u00ebta t\u00eb bot\u00ebs sime. Tani \u00a0\u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb burim ankthi dhe faji, m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti. E di d\u00ebmin q\u00eb po shkakton dhe akoma nuk e kam fshir\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht llogarin\u00eb time. Un\u00eb me v\u00ebllez\u00ebrit e motrat e mia b\u00ebjm\u00eb shaka se do t\u00eb fshijm\u00eb llogarit\u00eb kur babai yn\u00eb m\u00eb n\u00eb fund t\u2019i bashkohet rrjetit, por un\u00eb e di q\u00eb nuk duhej t\u00eb isha n\u00eb at\u00eb rrjet.<\/p>\n \u00c7\u00ebshtja e Facebook-ut, n\u00ebse ka pasur nj\u00eb ndikim pozitiv n\u00eb bot\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e komplikuar. Rrjeti n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin kemi hyr\u00eb 15 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i panjohur, por si qytetar\u00eb nuk mund ta transferojm\u00eb privat\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe sigurin\u00eb ton\u00eb tek element\u00eb t\u00eb teknologjis\u00eb. Ata gjithmon\u00eb kan\u00eb q\u00ebllime t\u00eb m\u00ebvonshme dhe ne jemi k\u00ebmb\u00ebsor\u00eb n\u00eb loj\u00ebn e tyre. Ne po jetojm\u00eb pasojat.<\/p>\n Antonio Garcia-Martinez, ish punonj\u00ebs i Facebook dhe autor i \u2018Chaos Monkeys\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n Kishin kaluar 60 vjet q\u00eb nga koha kur Gutenberg-u shtypi psalmet e para p\u00ebr Kish\u00ebn Katolike, p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbuluar shpenzimet shkat\u00ebrruese t\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb shtypshkronjes s\u00eb re, dhe nj\u00eb profesori t\u00eb Wittenbergut, at\u00ebher\u00eb i panjohur, qe botonte nj\u00eb traktat me 95 pika, pjes\u00ebrisht kund\u00ebr asaj qe thuhej ne liturgjine e botuar nga Guttenbergu. Nj\u00eb shekull m\u00eb von\u00eb, Europa do t\u00eb p\u00ebrjetonte nj\u00eb luft\u00eb t\u00eb dhunshme, kontinentale mbi polarizimin diametral, q\u00eb herezit\u00eb e Luterit, t\u00eb p\u00ebrforcuara nga teknologjia e Gutenberg, kishin p\u00ebrhapur me shpejt\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n Pra, n\u00ebse n\u00eb vitin 1648 do t\u00eb kishit pyetur mesataren europiane p\u00ebr efektin e mir\u00eb apo t\u00eb keq historik t\u00eb shtypit \u2013 kjo para se t\u00eb rritet ndri\u00e7imi, nga shkenca n\u00eb t\u00eb drejtat e njeriut, t\u00eb cilat tani e marrim si t\u00eb mir\u00ebqen\u00eb \u2013 mund t\u00eb has\u00ebsh shum\u00eb skepticiz\u00ebm. Ashtu si \u00e7do sondazh i koh\u00ebs q\u00eb mund t\u00eb b\u00ebni rreth telegrafit n\u00eb 1860, radio n\u00eb vitin 1930, ose televizioni n\u00eb vitet 1950. Duke shkuar edhe m\u00eb tej, Sokrati ngadal\u00ebsoi efektet g\u00ebrryese t\u00eb alfabetit, n\u00eb Pfaedrus t\u00eb Platonit.<\/p>\n Teknologjit\u00eb, sidomos n\u00eb sfer\u00ebn e medias, duket se l\u00ebvizin n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pashmangshme nga nj\u00eb pajisje e pap\u00ebrshtatshme, n\u00eb nj\u00eb mjet t\u00eb rreziksh\u00ebm, implikimet e t\u00eb cilit shqyrtohen n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb shqet\u00ebsuese.<\/p>\n Radio, q\u00eb lejoi fashist\u00ebt europian\u00eb t\u00eb mblidhnin kombet n\u00eb dukje t\u00eb civilizuara p\u00ebr t\u00eb pushtuar dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb nxitur gjenocid, tani lufton me nj\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnim t\u00eb ri teknologjik (podkastet) duke na lutur p\u00ebr mb\u00ebshtetje. I nj\u00ebjti fat pret nj\u00eb dit\u00eb edhe Facebook-un.<\/p>\n P\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha diskutimet e b\u00ebra tani p\u00ebr krijimin e Mark Zuckerberg, teknologjit\u00eb themelore q\u00eb e b\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb mundur, ekzistojn\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pavarur nga \u00e7do sh\u00ebrbim apo kompani. Teknologjia \u00ebsht\u00eb amorale dhe ekziston n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrafsh p\u00ebrtej dramave tona morale.<\/p>\n Vendosni nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, \u2018Revolucioni i Madh i Internetit dhe Smartphone\u2019, ose \u00e7far\u00ebdo titulli q\u00eb historian\u00ebt e ardhsh\u00ebm zgjedhin t\u00eb japin, \u00ebsht\u00eb k\u00ebtu p\u00ebr t\u00eb q\u00ebndruar. Reagimi Luddit n\u00eb Facebook dhe n\u00eb mediat sociale q\u00eb zmbrapsen me z\u00eb p\u00ebr rregullimin ose ndarjen ose madje edhe zvog\u00eblimin e plot\u00eb t\u00eb teknologjis\u00eb, do t\u00eb jet\u00eb po aq efektive tani si ishte te Gutenberg.<\/p>\n Nj\u00eb paraleliz\u00ebm tjet\u00ebr nga ajo epok\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb dometh\u00ebn\u00ebs. N\u00eb vitin 1492, n\u00eb mes t\u00eb revolucionit Gutenbergian, Johannes Trithemius, abati i nj\u00eb manastiri benediktin q\u00eb u kushtua dor\u00ebshkrimit t\u00eb v\u00ebllimeve t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, botoi nj\u00eb traktat t\u00eb titulluar \u201cDe laude Scriptorum Manualium\u201d (\u201cN\u00eb lavd\u00ebrimin e skrib\u00ebve\u201d). Atje ai p\u00ebrmendi gjer\u00ebsisht virtytet e dor\u00ebshkrimeve t\u00eb ilustruara mbi librat e shtypur, duke p\u00ebrmendur jet\u00ebgjat\u00ebsin\u00eb e tyre dhe virtytet e ngritura q\u00eb k\u00ebrkohen n\u00eb fabrikimin e tyre.<\/p>\n Dhe si e shpalli Trithemius himnin e tij t\u00eb lavd\u00ebruesh\u00ebm me fjal\u00ebn e shkruar me dor\u00eb? Shtypja e tij n\u00eb print, natyrisht, pasi kjo do t\u00eb thoshte nj\u00eb lexues m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb (ironikisht, vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb version i printuar mbijeton).<\/p>\n N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, do t\u00eb vihet n\u00eb dyshim bazat morale p\u00ebr median sociale q\u00eb po diskutohet. Un\u00eb mund t\u00eb shpresoj vet\u00ebm q\u00eb komentuesit e ardhsh\u00ebm ta shohin me ironi at\u00eb, si\u00e7 b\u00ebjm\u00eb n\u00eb paralajm\u00ebrimin e Trithemius.<\/p>\n Kara Swisher, bashk\u00ebthemeluese e Recode<\/strong><\/p>\n P\u00ebrktheu nga Vox.com p\u00ebr Politiko.al: Loneta Progni<\/strong><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/politiko.al\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/2-8.jpg\")
Teknologjia \u00ebsht\u00eb arkitekti i intimitetit ton\u00eb. Kur, 10 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb, fillova t\u00eb studioja se si njer\u00ebzit ndiheshin p\u00ebr jet\u00ebn e tyre n\u00eb zon\u00ebn private \/ publike t\u00eb Facebook-ut, nj\u00eb vajz\u00eb e re tha se ishte nj\u00eblloj p\u00ebr t\u00eb: \u201cKush do t\u00eb kujdeset p\u00ebr mua dhe jet\u00ebn time t\u00eb vog\u00ebl?\u201d Mbaj mend q\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb m\u00eb dukej se ky nuk ishte nj\u00eb mendim i pjekur, por e kuptoja at\u00eb q\u00eb ajo po p\u00ebrpiqej t\u00eb thoshte.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/politiko.al\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/3-4.jpg\")
A ka pasur nj\u00eb ndikim pozitiv apo negativ Facebook tek njer\u00ebzimi? E v\u00ebrteta \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb ne nuk e dim\u00eb ende. Juria nuk e ka thene ende fjalen e saj. A do t\u00eb marrin p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar q\u00eb nga p\u00ebrmbajtja n\u00eb platform\u00ebn e tyre t\u00eb p\u00ebrfitojn\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit dhe shoq\u00ebria? Apo ata do t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb minimumin p\u00ebr t\u00eb hequr shkel\u00ebsit m\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebqij dhe t\u2019i mbajn\u00eb kritik\u00ebt, n\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb zhvillojn\u00eb nj\u00eb kuptim t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb dhe t\u00eb planifikojn\u00eb si t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsojn\u00eb jet\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesve?<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/politiko.al\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/4-3.jpg\")
Facebook ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb e mir\u00eb p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzimin duke demokratizuar komunikimin dhe mobilizimin. Ajo ka lejuar z\u00ebrat q\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb d\u00ebgjoheshin, nga student\u00ebt e parkut, tek aktivist\u00ebt e mjedisit t\u00eb l\u00ebvizjes Sunrise, p\u00ebr t\u2019u b\u00ebr\u00eb kandidat\u00eb si Bernie Sanders dhe Barack Obama.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/politiko.al\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/5-3.jpg\")
Un\u00eb mendoj se Facebook ka potencial t\u00eb madh p\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb nj\u00eb forc\u00eb e padiskutueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb mir\u00ebn n\u00eb bot\u00eb. Sidoqoft\u00eb, p\u00ebr momentin nuk mundet t\u00eb arrij\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb potencial, duke zgjedhur n\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb aft\u00ebsin\u00eb e tij p\u00ebr t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb (ose filtruar) shkrime ose postime t\u00eb caktuara q\u00eb t\u00eb mundohen t\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb n\u00eb sjelljen e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb ose n\u00eb mendimin individual. Kjo po sjell q\u00eb n\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn, si\u00e7 duket, t\u00eb rritet nervozizmi.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/politiko.al\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/6-1.jpg\")
A ka Facebook (s\u00eb bashku me mediat e tjera sociale) nj\u00eb ndikim negativ apo pozitiv p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzimin? \u00cbsht\u00eb shum\u00eb shpejt p\u00ebr t\u00eb treguar, p\u00ebr dy arsye. Nj\u00ebra \u00ebsht\u00eb se adoptimi i gjer\u00eb i mediave sociale \u00ebsht\u00eb kaq i vonuar saq\u00eb bota ende nuk ka pasur koh\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar norma dhe politika t\u00eb reja n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje ndaj tyre. E dyta \u00ebsht\u00eb se sasia e madhe e komenteve t\u00eb koh\u00ebve t\u00eb fundit n\u00eb lidhje me mediat sociale ka p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb panik dhe hiperbol\u00eb sesa analiza t\u00eb balancuara, prandaj \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb thuhet.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/politiko.al\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/7-1.jpg\")
Ekziston nj\u00eb shaka e vjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr nj\u00eb optimist q\u00eb ra nga maja e \u2018Empire State Building\u2019. Nd\u00ebrsa po kalonte n\u00eb katin e 30-t\u00eb, dikush i th\u00ebrriste atij: \u00abSi po shkon?\u00bb Ai u p\u00ebrgjigj: \u00abDeri tani, kaq mir\u00eb!\u00bb Mendoj se shakaja ka r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzimin n\u00eb epok\u00ebn e Facebook-ut. Deri tani, miliardat e efekteve t\u00eb vogla pozitive t\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidhshm\u00ebris\u00eb njer\u00ebzore n\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb madhe mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha se numri i ul\u00ebt i gj\u00ebrave negative. Megjithat\u00eb, kur mendoj p\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhmen, shoh dy efekte gjigante negative q\u00eb duken gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/politiko.al\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/8-1.jpg\")
\u201cQ\u00ebllimi nuk ishte krijimi i nj\u00eb komuniteti online, por i nj\u00eb pasqyre t\u00eb asaj q\u00eb ekzistonte n\u00eb jet\u00ebn reale\u201d.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/politiko.al\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/9-1.jpg\")
Facebook u promovua si nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb na lidhur dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar nj\u00eb komunitet. Por n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb mjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb na ndar\u00eb n\u00eb komunitetet virtuale n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat afirmohen pik\u00ebpamjet tona, por jo gjithmon\u00eb t\u00eb informuara; ku jemi t\u00eb rrethuar nga mendime t\u00eb nj\u00ebjta dhe t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzuar nga interesat komerciale dhe politike t\u00eb fuqizuara me t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat tona personale.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/politiko.al\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/10-1.jpg\")
N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, un\u00eb besoj se Facebook ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb gj\u00eb pozitive.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/politiko.al\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/11-1.jpg\")
P\u00ebrgjigja p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb pyetje do t\u00eb vij\u00eb nga Facebook. \u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kompani e madhe amerikane \u2013 nuk ka dyshim p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb. Dhe un\u00eb nuk dua ta shoh at\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebrguar n\u00eb harres\u00eb. Edhe pse kompania e ka b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb leht\u00eb dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb lir\u00eb se kurr\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb t\u00eb komunikojn\u00eb me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin, kjo ka ardhur me nj\u00eb \u00e7mim. Dhe nd\u00ebrsa Facebook-u u rrit nga nj\u00eb fillim n\u00eb nj\u00eb dhom\u00eb gjumi n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjigant t\u00eb medias, ata nuk e kan\u00eb pranuar se kjo fuqi vjen me p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi t\u00eb madhe.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/politiko.al\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/12-2.jpg\")
Un\u00eb mendoj se ka pasur shum\u00eb gj\u00ebra q\u00eb kan\u00eb qen\u00eb emocionuese dhe inovative n\u00eb lidhje me mediat sociale, por mendoj se jemi n\u00eb pik\u00ebn ku ka kaq shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz n\u00eb platformat e mediave sociale q\u00eb me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb kemi nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr qeverisje m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb. Un\u00eb mendoj se vet\u00ebqeverisja nuk ka funksionuar mir\u00eb p\u00ebr Facebook dhe nuk ka qen\u00eb pozitive p\u00ebr demokracin\u00eb.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/politiko.al\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/13-1.jpg\")
Un\u00eb ende e kujtoj dit\u00ebn kur u regjistrova n\u00eb Facebook si studente kolegji. Ne kishim pritur q\u00eb aplikacioni t\u00eb ishte i disponuesh\u00ebm n\u00eb universitetin ton\u00eb dhe k\u00ebtu ishte. Do t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb g\u00ebnjesht\u00ebr t\u00eb thoja se n\u00eb vitin 2004, privat\u00ebsia ishte mendimi kryesor kur iu bashkova komunitetit. Ajo dukej si nj\u00eb kopsht i rrethuar me mure dhe un\u00eb nuk e mendova nj\u00eb her\u00eb n\u00ebse ishte nj\u00eb p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb e sigurt p\u00ebr mua ose p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzimin.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/politiko.al\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/14-1.jpg\")
Teknologjit\u00eb kan\u00eb dhimbjet e tyre t\u00eb lindjes. N\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7ast ata mezi b\u00ebhen t\u00eb suksessh\u00ebm, n\u00eb momentin tjet\u00ebr ata jan\u00eb nj\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnim p\u00ebr rendin e vendosur.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/politiko.al\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/15-1.jpg\")
Facebook u zhvillua shpejt, Facebook shkaterroi gj\u00ebra. Un\u00eb mendoj se \u00e7\u00ebshtja e vetme tani \u00ebsht\u00eb: A mund t\u00eb rregulloj\u00eb Facebook gj\u00ebrat q\u00eb ka shkaterruar?<\/p>\n
Kur shefi ekzekutiv i Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg u rikthye n\u00eb Harvard n\u00eb vitin 2017 \u2013 universiteti ku ai nisi nd\u00ebrtimin e \u2018librit telefonik dixhital\u2019 q\u00eb do ta b\u00ebnte miliarder \u2013 ai sfidoi t\u00eb diplomuarit e Harvardit p\u00ebr t\u00eb dal\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar bot\u00ebn. \u201c\u00cbsht\u00eb koha q\u00eb brezat tan\u00eb t\u00eb krijojn\u00eb vepra t\u00eb m\u00ebdha\u201d, u […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":381,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,18],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n