{"id":23776,"date":"2024-03-18T20:43:34","date_gmt":"2024-03-18T19:43:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/redaktori.com\/?p=23776"},"modified":"2024-03-18T20:45:01","modified_gmt":"2024-03-18T19:45:01","slug":"cili-ishte-revolucioni-politik-me-i-rendesishem-is-shekullit-xx","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/redaktori.com\/?p=23776","title":{"rendered":"Cili ishte revolucioni politik m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm i shekullit XX?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cbsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb thuhet se cili revolucion ishte m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmi, qoft\u00eb edhe sepse historian\u00ebt ende nuk pajtohen se \u00e7far\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb revolucionet. N\u00ebse r\u00ebnd\u00ebsia p\u00ebrcaktohet n\u00eb terma t\u00eb shtrirjes nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, at\u00ebher\u00eb revolucionet komuniste t\u00eb Rusis\u00eb dhe Kin\u00ebs do t\u00eb ishin dy pretendent\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb fort\u00eb. N\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb ngjashm\u00ebri midis revolucioneve, historian\u00ebt modern\u00eb fokusohen n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb e b\u00ebn \u00e7do konflikt unik.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Pyetja, \u201cCili ishte revolucioni politik m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm i shekullit t\u00eb 20-t\u00eb?\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb sa problematike, aq edhe e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019iu p\u00ebrgjigjur, dhe kjo p\u00ebr nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb arsyesh. Nj\u00eb nga k\u00ebto \u00ebsht\u00eb se historian\u00ebt ende nuk kan\u00eb r\u00ebn\u00eb dakord p\u00ebr nj\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizim t\u00eb duhur se \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb dhe \u00e7far\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb revolucion. Termi p\u00ebrdoret m\u00eb s\u00eb shpeshti p\u00ebr t\u2019iu referuar nj\u00eb periudhe trazirash sociale dhe politike, por mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret gjithashtu, m\u00eb gjer\u00ebsisht, p\u00ebr t\u2019iu referuar nj\u00eb periudhe ndryshimesh drastike, jopolitike, si revolucionet industriale ose shkencore.<\/p>\n

Pastaj vjen pyetja se cilat ngjarje duhet dhe nuk duhet t\u00eb konsiderohen revolucione. Historian\u00ebt profesionist\u00eb kan\u00eb shum\u00eb pak gj\u00ebra p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb bien dakord. Disa historian\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull, argumentojn\u00eb se Lufta Civile Amerikane duhet t\u00eb konsiderohet nj\u00eb zgjatje e Revolucionit Amerikan \u2013 nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje e dyt\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb \u00e7liruar vendin nga autokracia, k\u00ebt\u00eb her\u00eb n\u00eb form\u00ebn e skllav\u00ebris\u00eb. Po k\u00ebshtu, ka historian\u00eb q\u00eb argumentojn\u00eb se Revolucioni Francez, ndoshta revolucioni m\u00eb i famsh\u00ebm i t\u00eb gjitha koh\u00ebrave, nuk ishte n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb nj\u00eb revolucion.<\/p>\n

Pasi nj\u00eb ngjarje kualifikohet si revolucion, pyetja tjet\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet n\u00ebse ishte \u201cm\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmja\u201d e koh\u00ebs s\u00eb vet. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht e nd\u00ebrlikuar, pasi r\u00ebnd\u00ebsia historike e ngjarjeve t\u00eb s\u00eb kaluar\u00ebs ndryshon vazhdimisht me kalimin e koh\u00ebs. Si\u00e7 thekson profesori i Universitetit t\u00eb Columbias, Richard Bullet, n\u00eb nj\u00eb leksion mbi historin\u00eb e shekullit t\u00eb 20-t\u00eb q\u00eb u postua n\u00eb YouTube, historian\u00ebt fillimisht nuk i referoheshin Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore si \u201cLufta e Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore\u201d. Ky em\u00ebr iu dha vet\u00ebm pasi ndodhi Lufta e Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore.<\/p>\n

E fundit, por jo m\u00eb pak e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, ka nga ata q\u00eb besojn\u00eb se renditja e ngjarjeve historike p\u00ebr nga r\u00ebnd\u00ebsia, \u00ebsht\u00eb e konceptuar gabim. N\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn, studiuesit p\u00ebrpiqeshin ta kthenin studimin e revolucionit n\u00eb nj\u00eb shkenc\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb. Ata besonin se kishte ligje q\u00eb rregullonin sjelljen njer\u00ebzore dhe se, duke i kuptuar ato ligje, ne mund t\u00eb zbulonim pse disa revolucione kan\u00eb sukses, nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt d\u00ebshtojn\u00eb. Koh\u00ebt e fundit, komuniteti akademik ka ecur drejt nj\u00eb studimi kulturor t\u00eb revolucioneve \u2013 n\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb shikojn\u00eb ngjashm\u00ebrit\u00eb midis konflikteve, historian\u00ebt tani jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb interesuar n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb e b\u00ebn \u00e7do konflikt unik.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, sado t\u00eb kontestuara t\u00eb jen\u00eb k\u00ebto lloj pyetjesh, ato na ftojn\u00eb t\u00eb mendojm\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb kritike p\u00ebr ngjarjet e kaluara. Edhe pse nuk mund ta dim\u00eb kurr\u00eb me siguri se cili revolucion i shekullit t\u00eb 20-t\u00eb ishte \u201cm\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmi\u201d (n\u00ebse dikush duhet ta pretendoj\u00eb at\u00eb titull), ne duhet t\u00eb largohemi nga kjo p\u00ebrpjekje duke patur nj\u00eb kuptim m\u00eb t\u00eb thell\u00eb t\u00eb disa prej momenteve m\u00eb vendimtare t\u00eb 100 viteve t\u00eb fundit, p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos p\u00ebrmendur shtrirjen e tyre nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare dhe nd\u00ebr breza.<\/p>\n

Revolucioni i Tetorit i vitit 1917<\/p>\n

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N\u00eb shkurt 1917, nj\u00eb kryengritje n\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Petersburg \u00e7oi n\u00eb heqjen dor\u00eb nga froni prej Carit Nikolla II dhe krijimin e nj\u00eb qeverie t\u00eb p\u00ebrkohshme, t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb nga shum\u00eb parti t\u00eb ndryshme socialiste q\u00eb kishin hedhur rr\u00ebnj\u00eb n\u00eb Rusi gjat\u00eb dekadave t\u00eb m\u00ebparshme. Gjat\u00eb vjesht\u00ebs s\u00eb po atij viti, nj\u00eb nga ato parti, bolshevik\u00ebt, p\u00ebrfitoi nga kaosi dhe konfuzioni i Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, p\u00ebr t\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb jasht\u00eb funksioni qeverin\u00eb e p\u00ebrkohshme dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar nj\u00eb shtet t\u00eb vetin.<\/p>\n

Pas \u00e7imentimit t\u00eb sundimit t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb nj\u00eb luft\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjakshme civile, bolshevik\u00ebt, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt deri at\u00ebher\u00eb ishin riem\u00ebrtuar si Partia Komuniste, e transformuan vendin. Para marrjes s\u00eb pushtetit, Rusia shpesh p\u00ebrshkruhej si nj\u00eb komb i prapambetur dhe rus\u00ebt e zakonsh\u00ebm p\u00ebrjetonin nj\u00eb cil\u00ebsi jete q\u00eb nuk ishte par\u00eb n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb, q\u00eb nga Mesjeta. Por n\u00eb koh\u00ebn kur Bashkimi Sovjetik u shemb, Rusia ishte transformuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb superfuqi t\u00eb armatosur me arm\u00eb b\u00ebrthamore.<\/p>\n

Udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsi i partis\u00eb Vladimir Lenini, besonte se Revolucioni i Tetorit mund t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbente si shk\u00ebndija q\u00eb do ndizte kryengritjen proletare globale p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn kishte shkruar Karl Marksi. Megjith\u00ebse kjo nuk ndodhi, eksperimenti komunist i Rusis\u00eb inkurajoi revolucionar\u00ebt anemban\u00eb globit, duke \u00e7uar n\u00eb krijimin e shteteve komuniste, apo socialiste n\u00eb Kin\u00eb, Indi, Kub\u00eb, Vietnam, Kore Shqip\u00ebri dhe Kamboxhia, nd\u00ebr t\u00eb tjera.<\/p>\n

Revolucioni i Tetorit mund t\u00eb konsiderohet gjithashtu i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm, p\u00ebr aq sa krijoi nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri t\u00eb aft\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndaluar p\u00ebrhapjen e nazizmit. Beteja e Stalingradit, e cila ndodhi jo shum\u00eb larg kufirit me Ukrain\u00ebn, konsiderohet gjer\u00ebsisht si konfrontimi ushtarak m\u00eb vendimtar n\u00eb Luft\u00ebn e Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, si dhe fillimi i fundit p\u00ebr Rajhun e Tret\u00eb. Si rezultat i drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb i fitores, BRSS fitoi kontrollin mbi Evrop\u00ebn Lindore, duke mbik\u00ebqyrur rind\u00ebrtimin e pasluft\u00ebs duke zbatuar legjislacionin komunist.<\/p>\n

Prania komuniste n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb la nj\u00eb ndikim t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm n\u00eb t\u00eb dy an\u00ebt e Perdes s\u00eb Hekurt. N\u00eb lindje, pjesa m\u00eb e madhe e infrastruktur\u00ebs qeveritare t\u00eb pasluft\u00ebs, e zbatuar nga sovjetik\u00ebt mbetet e paprekur sot. Sa i p\u00ebrket per\u00ebndimit, historiani britanik E.H. Carr v\u00ebrejti qysh n\u00eb vitin 1946 se \u201cshembulli sovjetik, me dashje apo pa dashje, kishte ndihmuar n\u00eb nxitjen e reformave n\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn Per\u00ebndimore\u201d.<\/p>\n

Shekulli i shkurt\u00ebr i 20-t\u00eb: 1914-1991<\/p>\n

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Aq dometh\u00ebn\u00ebse ishin pasojat e Revolucionit t\u00eb Tetorit sa historiani Eric Hobsbawm propozoi data alternative p\u00ebr t\u00eb sh\u00ebnuar fillimin dhe fundin e shekullit t\u00eb 20-t\u00eb. N\u00eb vend t\u00eb vitit 1900, Hobsbawn pohon se shekulli i 20-t\u00eb filloi me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb rreth vitit 1914, pas shp\u00ebrthimit t\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, dhe p\u00ebrfundoi n\u00eb vitin 1991, me r\u00ebnien e BRSS dhe shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrjen e Partis\u00eb Komuniste n\u00eb Rusi, duke krijuar kriza ekonomike p\u00ebr shtetet satelite komuniste.<\/p>\n

Hobsbawm e propozoi k\u00ebt\u00eb n\u00eb vepr\u00ebn e tij kryesore, Epoka e ekstremeve: Shekulli i shkurt\u00ebr i nj\u00ebzet\u00eb, 1914\u20131991. K\u00ebto vite sh\u00ebnojn\u00eb kufijt\u00eb jo t\u00eb nj\u00eb shekulli kronologjik, por t\u00eb nj\u00eb periudhe kohe t\u00eb bashkuar nga nj\u00eb zeitgeist i p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt, nj\u00eb ide qendrore q\u00eb dukej se q\u00ebndronte n\u00eb zem\u00ebr t\u00eb pothuajse \u00e7do konflikti q\u00eb ndodhi. Si\u00e7 e sheh Hobsbawm, komunizmi ishte nj\u00eb nga meta-narrativat m\u00eb k\u00ebmb\u00ebngul\u00ebse q\u00eb u p\u00ebrpoq t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsonte boshll\u00ebkun e l\u00ebn\u00eb nga feja.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1991, historia bot\u00ebrore filloi zyrtarisht nj\u00eb kapitull t\u00eb ri, i cili do t\u00eb adoptonte nj\u00eb narrativ\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme, nga ajo komuniz\u00ebm kund\u00ebr kapitalizmit. \u201cMe r\u00ebnien e BRSS, eksperimenti i \u2018socializmit real ekzistues\u2019 mori fund\u201d, shpjegon Hobsbawm n\u00eb librin e tij. \u201cSepse, edhe aty ku regjimet komuniste mbijetuan dhe pat\u00ebn sukses, si n\u00eb Kin\u00eb, ata braktis\u00ebn idealin origjinal t\u00eb nj\u00eb ekonomie t\u00eb kontrolluar nga qendra dhe t\u00eb planifikuar nga shteti, bazuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb shtet t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht t\u00eb kolektivizuar\u2026 A do t\u00eb rinovohet ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb ky eksperiment?\u201d<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrsa Bashkimi Sovjetik konsiderohet sot si nj\u00eb gj\u00eb e s\u00eb kaluar\u00ebs, Revolucioni i Tetorit nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb. Si\u00e7 thekson historiani amerikan Michael Kort n\u00eb nj\u00eb artikull t\u00eb shkruar p\u00ebr blogun e Oxford University Press, Revolucioni i Shkurtit i vitit 1917 (kur autokracia mori fund dhe nj\u00eb u krijua p\u00ebr pak koh\u00eb nj\u00eb republik\u00eb) sh\u00ebnoi pik\u00ebn kur ndikimi per\u00ebndimor n\u00eb Rusi ishte n\u00eb kulmin e t\u00eb gjitha koh\u00ebrave, nd\u00ebrsa Revolucioni i Tetorit sh\u00ebnoi pik\u00ebn kur ky ndikim kulturor, politik dhe ekonomik ishte n\u00eb nivelin m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt historik, duke i dh\u00ebn\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb tendence, q\u00eb do t\u00eb vazhdonte gjat\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\u201cMidis 1985 dhe 1999,\u201d shkruan Kort, \u201cMikhail Gorbachev dhe m\u00eb pas Boris Yeltsin u p\u00ebrpoq\u00ebn ta \u00e7onin Rusin\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebri drejt Per\u00ebndimit. Por asnj\u00eb nga lider\u00ebt nuk mund t\u00eb kap\u00ebrcente penges\u00ebn e madhe t\u00eb Revolucionit Rus. Si Gorba\u00e7ovi ashtu edhe Jelcini p\u00ebrfundimisht u fundos\u00ebn, dhe n\u00eb vitin 1999, me ardhjen n\u00eb pushtet t\u00eb Vladimir Putinit, rryma anti-per\u00ebndimore e Rusis\u00eb rimori rrjedh\u00ebn e vet.<\/p>\n

Revolucioni Kinez i vitit 1949<\/p>\n

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Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr pretendent i fort\u00eb p\u00ebr \u201crevolucionin m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm politik\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb Revolucioni Kinez i vitit 1949, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin Partia Komuniste Kineze e udh\u00ebhequr nga Mao Ce Duni mundi nacionalist\u00ebt kinez\u00eb dhe u b\u00eb organi i vet\u00ebm qeveris\u00ebs i vendit. Kryengritja bolshevike mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb pasur r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe gjat\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb kaluar, por Revolucioni Kinez \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm p\u00ebr ne sot.<\/p>\n

Ashtu si Revolucioni i Tetorit, Revolucioni Kinez i vitit 1949 p\u00ebrfshiu nj\u00eb stuhi kulturore q\u00eb u p\u00ebrhap n\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb bot\u00ebs. Mao besonte gjithashtu n\u00eb pashmangshm\u00ebrin\u00eb historike t\u00eb nj\u00eb kryengritjeje globale socialiste, dhe megjith\u00ebse Republika Popullore e Kin\u00ebs luajti nj\u00eb rol m\u00eb pak t\u00eb spikatur n\u00eb konfliktet e huaja sesa Bashkimi Sovjetik, industrializimi i saj i shpejt\u00eb dhe transformimi kulturor frym\u00ebzoi l\u00ebvizje t\u00eb shumta.<\/p>\n

Nga viti 1966 deri n\u00eb 1967, revista Peking Review \u2013 buletini i vet\u00ebm komb\u00ebtar anglisht i Kin\u00ebs \u2013 nxirrnin n\u00eb pah komunitete t\u00eb ndryshme nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare q\u00eb kishin marr\u00eb p\u00ebrsip\u00ebr organizimin e jet\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre private dhe praktikave t\u00eb biznesit, sipas linjave maoiste. K\u00ebta p\u00ebrfshinin tregtar\u00eb nga Sri Lanka, zejtar\u00eb malian\u00eb, okulist\u00eb argjentinas, botues italian\u00eb, k\u00ebrcimtar\u00eb nga Guineja, gazetar\u00eb sirian\u00eb, ushtar\u00eb kongolez\u00eb dhe pirat\u00eb venezuelas.<\/p>\n

Megjith\u00ebse Peking Review e mbivler\u00ebsonte ndikimin dhe admirimin e Maos jasht\u00eb vendit, k\u00ebto raporte tregojn\u00eb qart\u00eb se revolucionet e Kin\u00ebs gjet\u00ebn jehon\u00eb tek radikal\u00ebt n\u00eb vende t\u00eb tjera. Sipas Julia Lovell, profesoresh\u00eb e historis\u00eb dhe let\u00ebrsis\u00eb moderne kineze n\u00eb Birkbeck, Universiteti i Londr\u00ebs, \u201cMao dhe idet\u00eb e tij p\u00ebr revolucionin e vazhduesh\u00ebm fshatar u b\u00ebn\u00eb thirrje rebel\u00ebve t\u00eb krahut t\u00eb majt\u00eb, si dhe aktivist\u00ebve t\u00eb t\u00eb drejtave civile dhe antiracizmit n\u00eb SHBA, Australi dhe Evrop\u00ebn Per\u00ebndimore.\u201d<\/p>\n

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N\u00eb Evrop\u00eb, Revolucioni Kulturor frym\u00ebzoi protestat e student\u00ebve, si dhe aktivizmin p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejtat e feminist\u00ebve dhe homoseksual\u00ebve. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, shum\u00eb vende n\u00eb zhvillim n\u00eb Azi, Afrik\u00eb dhe Amerik\u00ebn e Jugut mor\u00ebn shprehjet maoiste t\u00eb \u201cmb\u00ebshtetjes te vetja, korrigjimit t\u00eb partis\u00eb dhe spontanitetit revolucionar\u201d dhe i p\u00ebrfshin\u00eb k\u00ebto n\u00eb fushatat e tyre antikoloniale.<\/p>\n

Komunizmi dhe statusi i Kin\u00ebs si superfuqi<\/p>\n

Revolucioni Kinez i vitit 1949 ishte ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm, p\u00ebr aq sa lidhet me ngritjen e Republik\u00ebs Popullore t\u00eb Kin\u00ebs si nj\u00eb superfuqi globale dhe \u2013 ndryshe nga Bashkimi Sovjetik \u2013 e q\u00ebndrueshme. P\u00ebrpara se Partia Komuniste t\u00eb merrte pushtetin, pozicioni i Kin\u00ebs n\u00eb sken\u00ebn bot\u00ebrore ishte tep\u00ebr i komprometuar. Me t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn e vet perandorake jo m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb kujtim t\u00eb larg\u00ebt, vendi vuajti shum\u00eb gjat\u00eb Luft\u00ebrave t\u00eb Opiumit, t\u00eb cilat, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 problemeve t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapura sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore, b\u00ebn\u00eb q\u00eb Kina t\u00eb humbiste qytetin port t\u00eb Hong Kongut.<\/p>\n

Politika ekonomike kineze ishte e ndryshme nga ajo e vendeve t\u00eb tjera. Duke ndjekur hapat e Bashkimit Sovjetik, Partia Komuniste Kineze prezantoi nj\u00eb ekonomi t\u00eb planifikuar dhe centralizuar. Fermat private u riorganizuan n\u00eb ato kolektive. Inputet dhe outputet industriale rregulloheshin, jo n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet forcave t\u00eb tregut t\u00eb lir\u00eb, por n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet planeve pes\u00ebvje\u00e7are q\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktonin q\u00ebllimet ekonomike afatgjata dhe shp\u00ebrndarjen e burimeve.<\/p>\n

Konsensusi midis studiuesve per\u00ebndimor\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb se k\u00ebto politika shpesh rezultonin n\u00eb katastrof\u00eb. N\u00eb vitin 1959, keqmenaxhimi, eksperimentet dhe fatkeq\u00ebsit\u00eb natyrore krijuan nj\u00eb zi buke q\u00eb solli vdekjen e rreth 30 milion\u00eb njer\u00ebzve dhe ngecja e zhvillimit industrial i shtyu kuadrot t\u00eb vinin n\u00eb dyshim aft\u00ebsin\u00eb e Maos p\u00ebr t\u00eb sunduar vendin. T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat nga qeveria kineze gjat\u00eb k\u00ebsaj kohe e ekzagjeruan shum\u00eb performanc\u00ebn ekonomike dhe pas vitit 1960, raportet statistikore pushuan s\u00eb publikuari.<\/p>\n

Zhvillimi ekonomik q\u00eb e ktheu Kin\u00ebn n\u00eb nj\u00eb superfuqi nuk u zhvillua n\u00ebn administrimin e Maos, por at\u00eb t\u00eb pasardh\u00ebsit t\u00eb tij, Ten Hsiaopin. N\u00eb vitin 1978, Deng propozoi nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb reformash q\u00eb e b\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb leht\u00eb p\u00ebr Kin\u00ebn t\u00eb b\u00ebnte biznes me vendet e huaja. Pasi Kina kishte hyr\u00eb n\u00eb tregtin\u00eb nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare dhe flukset e investimeve, ekonomia e saj shp\u00ebrtheu. Nga viti 1989 deri n\u00eb 2017, PBB-ja e saj u rrit me nj\u00eb mesatare prej 9.71% n\u00eb vit \u2013 zgjerimi m\u00eb i shpejt\u00eb i q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm n\u00eb histori, sipas Bank\u00ebs Bot\u00ebrore.<\/p>\n

Fillimisht, studiuesit ia atribuan suksesin e Ten Hsiaopinit, largimit t\u00eb tij prej Maos: nj\u00eb triumf vendimtar i pragmatizmit mbi idealizmin revolucionar. Koh\u00ebt e fundit, megjithat\u00eb, studiuesit filluan t\u00eb rishqyrtojn\u00eb ndikimin e Maos n\u00eb zhvillimin e Kin\u00ebs. Sebastian Heilmann, president i Institutit t\u00eb Studimeve Kineze dhe autor i \u201cSistemi Politik i Kin\u00ebs\u201d, ia atribuon lul\u00ebzimin gjeopolitik t\u00eb vendit, gatishm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb tij p\u00ebr t\u00eb eksperimentuar dhe marr\u00eb rreziqe \u2013 nj\u00eb strategji q\u00eb e ka origjin\u00ebn n\u00eb qeverin\u00eb para-revolucionare t\u00eb Maos.<\/p>\n

\u201cSi ndodhi q\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem burokratik socialist ta merrte k\u00ebt\u00eb aft\u00ebsi p\u00ebrshtat\u00ebse, e cila nuk u pa n\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn Qendrore?\u201d thot\u00eb Heilmann, gjat\u00eb nj\u00eb interviste t\u00eb vitit 2017 p\u00ebr \u201cNew York Times\u201d. \u201cKjo ndodhi p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb p\u00ebrvojave historike specifike t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj partie\u2026 Ajo kontrollonte rajone shum\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapura dhe t\u00eb distancuara. Pra, kur u provua di\u00e7ka si reforma e tok\u00ebs, u b\u00eb eksperimentalisht dhe n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb decentralizuar. Kjo ishte thelb\u00ebsisht e ndryshme nga Bashkimi Sovjetik\u201d. \/ Big Think \u2013 Bota.al<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cbsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb thuhet se cili revolucion ishte m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmi, qoft\u00eb edhe sepse historian\u00ebt ende nuk pajtohen se \u00e7far\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb revolucionet. N\u00ebse r\u00ebnd\u00ebsia p\u00ebrcaktohet n\u00eb terma t\u00eb shtrirjes nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, at\u00ebher\u00eb revolucionet komuniste t\u00eb Rusis\u00eb dhe Kin\u00ebs do t\u00eb ishin dy pretendent\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb fort\u00eb. N\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb ngjashm\u00ebri […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21280,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,14,15,20],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nCili ishte revolucioni politik m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm i shekullit XX? - Informohu qart\u00ebsisht!<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/redaktori.com\/?p=23776\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sq_AL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cili ishte revolucioni politik m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm i shekullit XX? - Informohu qart\u00ebsisht!\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00cbsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb thuhet se cili revolucion ishte m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmi, qoft\u00eb edhe sepse historian\u00ebt ende nuk pajtohen se \u00e7far\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb revolucionet. 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