Shprehja \u201cp\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb q\u00eb nga Lufta e Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore\u201d, \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur shum\u00eb koh\u00ebt e fundit.<\/p>\n
Politikan\u00ebt, komentuesit dhe analist\u00ebt i jan\u00eb drejtuar rregullisht luft\u00ebs, si nj\u00eb moment krahasimi p\u00ebr koh\u00ebn dramatike n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn befas po jetojm\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Para se t\u00eb s\u00ebmurej vet\u00eb nga COVID-19, Kryeministri i Mbret\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Bashkuar Boris Johnson b\u00ebri referenca t\u00eb tilla, kur tha se qeveria e tij ka hapa \u201ct\u00eb paprecedent\u00eb q\u00eb nga Lufta e Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore\u201d. Kancelarja gjermane Angela Merkel ka folur n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn linj\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Sekretari i P\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm i OKB, Antonio Guterres foli p\u00ebr \u201cnj\u00eb ndikim ekonomik q\u00eb do t\u00eb sjell\u00eb nj\u00eb recesion, q\u00eb ndoshta nuk ka paralel n\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn e fundit\u201d, duke shtuar se kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb \u201ckriza m\u00eb sfiduese me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn jemi p\u00ebrballur q\u00eb nga Lufta e Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore\u201d.<\/p>\n
Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht retorik\u00eb. Shprehja \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur edhe n\u00eb nxjerrje t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb ndryshme ekonomike. Prodhimi industrial amerikan koh\u00ebt e fundit p\u00ebsoi r\u00ebnien m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe q\u00eb nga Lufta e Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat ekonomike franceze dhe gjermane p\u00ebr tremujorin e par\u00eb t\u00eb 2020 ishin aq keq, sa q\u00eb ekspert\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm parashikuan nj\u00eb recesion \u2013 ose m\u00eb sakt\u00eb, depresion \u2013 t\u00eb pakrahasuesh\u00ebm q\u00eb nga fundi i konfliktit m\u00eb vdekjeprur\u00ebs n\u00eb bot\u00eb, 75 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Parashikimi i Deutsche Bank thoshte se r\u00ebnia tremujore e PBB-s\u00eb e v\u00ebrejtur n\u00eb dy 3-mujor\u00ebt e par\u00eb t\u00eb vitit \u201cdo t\u00eb tejkalonte ndjesh\u00ebm \u00e7do gj\u00eb t\u00eb regjistruar m\u00eb par\u00eb, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn q\u00eb nga Lufta e Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore\u201d.<\/p>\n
Para mrekullis\u00eb<\/p>\n
Por krahasimi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aq i drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb. Esht\u00eb e pamundur t\u00eb thuhet n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pik\u00eb se sa d\u00ebme ekonomike do t\u00eb shkaktohen, deri n\u00eb koh\u00ebn kur kriza COVID-19 t\u00eb jet\u00eb ndalur. Ajo po vazhdon dhe asnj\u00eb qeveri nuk mund t\u00eb thot\u00eb me siguri se kur do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoj\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Ne mund t\u00eb shohim vet\u00ebm d\u00ebmin e b\u00ebr\u00eb deri m\u00eb tani dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb pa dyshim i madh. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb faz\u00eb, nuk duket e krahasueshme me gjendjen ku Evropa e gjeti veten, pas Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb librin e tij \u201cPaslufta: Nj\u00eb histori e Evrop\u00ebs q\u00eb nga viti 1945\u201d, historiani i ndjer\u00eb Toni Judt shkruan se problemi m\u00eb serioz ekonomik n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb pas luft\u00ebs ishte mungesa e banesave. N\u00eb Gjermani (40%), Britani (30%) dhe Franc\u00eb (20%), sasi t\u00eb m\u00ebdha sht\u00ebpish ishin shkat\u00ebrruar. Mungesa e strehimit ishte nj\u00eb problem i madh n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb kontinentin.<\/p>\n
Infrastruktura e transportit, si linjat hekurudhore, mjetet l\u00ebviz\u00ebse, urat, rrug\u00ebt dhe kanalet gjithashtu ishin shkat\u00ebrruar. Vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb ur\u00eb p\u00ebrtej Rinit kish mbetur e paprekur. Ndikimi n\u00eb furnizimin e mallrave thelb\u00ebsor\u00eb si qymyri dhe ushqimi ishte i thell\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Megjithat\u00eb nuk ishin t\u00eb gjitha lajme t\u00eb k\u00ebqija. Shtat\u00eb vjet t\u00eb nj\u00eb ekonomie t\u00eb pandalshme t\u00eb luft\u00ebs, do t\u00eb thoshin se industrit\u00eb inxhinierike kishin lul\u00ebzuar, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb vendet kryesore pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebse. P\u00ebrshtatja me koh\u00ebn e paqes ishte e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb, aq m\u00eb tep\u00ebr duke pasur parasysh q\u00eb shum\u00eb fabrika dhe mallra kishin mbetur \u00e7udit\u00ebrisht t\u00eb paprekura, n\u00eb krahasim me d\u00ebmtimin e sht\u00ebpive.<\/p>\n
Pas agimit<\/p>\n
Nga viti 1945 deri n\u00eb 1947, d\u00ebmi material n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn u riparua me shpejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme, askund m\u00eb shum\u00eb se sa n\u00eb Gjermani. N\u00eb koh\u00ebn e vdekjes s\u00eb Adolf Hitlerit, vet\u00ebm 10% e hekurudhave gjermane ishin n\u00eb pun\u00eb. Deri n\u00eb qershor 1946, 93% po punonin p\u00ebrs\u00ebri dhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 800 ura ishin rind\u00ebrtuar.<\/p>\n
Megjithat\u00eb, deri n\u00eb vitin 1947 ishte e qart\u00eb se optimizmi fillestar i nj\u00eb rim\u00ebk\u00ebmbjeje t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb ekonomike t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs ishte z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar nga nj\u00eb realiz\u00ebm m\u00eb i ashp\u00ebr. Mungesat ishin nj\u00eb problem i madh, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht furnizimi me ushqime. Uria ishte nj\u00eb frik\u00eb e mir\u00ebfillt\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Mbi t\u00eb gjitha, moti e nd\u00ebrlikoi situat\u00ebn. Dimri i vitit 1946-47 ishte i pafalsh\u00ebm dhe ngrica e madhe solli furtun\u00eb mbi ekonomin\u00eb evropiane, nj\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb cil\u00ebn nj\u00eb v\u00ebzhgues i situat\u00ebs s\u00eb 2020 do ta kuptoj\u00eb. Vet\u00ebm se n\u00eb vitin 1947, ekonomia ishte tashm\u00eb thell\u00ebsisht e dob\u00ebsuar.<\/p>\n
Kishte probleme t\u00eb tjera. Kombet evropiane kishin shum\u00eb borxhe masive pas luft\u00ebs dhe ishin shum\u00eb t\u00eb varur nga importet amerikane. Megjithat\u00eb, Evropa nuk kishte asgj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019i shitur bot\u00ebs n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se ishte jasht\u00ebzakonisht e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb gjente dollar\u00ebt e nevojsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb bler\u00eb mallrat e domosdoshme amerikane. Gjermania nuk kishte as nj\u00eb monedh\u00eb funksionuese n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Mungesa n\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka<\/p>\n
Pesimizmi u kthye gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb fataliz\u00ebm. N\u00eb prill t\u00eb vitit 1947, Ministri Francez i Ekonomis\u00eb Andre Philip deklaroi: \u201cNe jemi t\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnuar me katastrof\u00eb totale ekonomike dhe financiare\u201d.<\/p>\n
Hamilton Fish, nj\u00eb gazetar amerikan i koh\u00ebs dhe me shum\u00eb ndikim, e p\u00ebrmblodhi k\u00ebshttu gjendjen e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs:<\/p>\n
\u201cKa shum\u00eb pak nga gjith\u00e7ka\u201d, shkroi ai. \u201cShum\u00eb pak trena, tramvaje, autobus\u00eb dhe automobila p\u00ebr t\u00eb transportuar njer\u00ebzit n\u00eb koh\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar, e l\u00ebre m\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019i shp\u00ebn\u00eb me pushime. Shum\u00eb pak miell p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb buk\u00eb, dhe madje edhe jo aq sa duhet buk\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar energjit\u00eb e nevojshme p\u00ebr pun\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira \u2026 shum\u00eb pak sht\u00ebpi p\u00ebr t\u00eb jetuar xhama t\u00eb pamjaftuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u2019i furnizuar me dritare. Pak l\u00ebkur\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebpuc\u00eb, lesh p\u00ebr triko, gaz p\u00ebr gatim, pambuk p\u00ebr pelena, sheqer p\u00ebr re\u00e7el, yndyrna p\u00ebr t\u00eb skuqur, qum\u00ebsht p\u00ebr bebe, sapun p\u00ebr larje\u201d.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb vitin 1948, SHBA nd\u00ebrhyri me Planin e famsh\u00ebm Marshall, duke pompuar at\u00eb q\u00eb arriti n\u00eb 128 miliard\u00eb dollar\u00eb (119 miliard\u00eb euro) me parat\u00eb e sotme, p\u00ebr t\u00eb rind\u00ebrtuar ekonomin\u00eb e gjunj\u00ebzuar evropiane. Nj\u00eb nga q\u00ebllimet kryesore t\u00eb k\u00ebtij Plani, ishte kthimi i ekonomis\u00eb gjermane n\u00eb rolin e saj historik, si motorr i ekonomis\u00eb evropiane, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb prodhimit t\u00eb mallrave dhe prodhimit industrial.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb pritje t\u00eb mrekullis\u00eb<\/p>\n
Vitet 1950, dhe n\u00eb nj\u00eb mas\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl vitet 1960, mbahen mend si dekada t\u00eb arta ekonomike n\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn Per\u00ebndimore, SHBA, Azin\u00eb Lindore dhe Bashkimin Sovjetik t\u00eb asokohe.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb disa vende (Gjermania Per\u00ebndimore, Franca, Japonia, Austri, Koreja e Jugut, Italia, Greqia dhe t\u00eb tjera) periudhat quhen \u201cmrekulli ekonomike\u201d. Esht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb mbani mend se u desh\u00ebn m\u00eb shum\u00eb se pes\u00eb vjet q\u00eb bumi i pasluft\u00ebs t\u00eb ndjehej me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb kur erdhi, doli t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb nga epokat m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb zgjerimit ekonomik n\u00eb historin\u00eb bot\u00ebrore.<\/p>\n
Sidoqoft\u00eb, m\u00ebsimi kryesor q\u00eb mund t\u00eb nxjerrim nga ky v\u00ebshtrim prapa n\u00eb koh\u00eb, n\u00eb pasojat ekonomike t\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore \u00ebsht\u00eb se kriza aktuale, sado e r\u00ebnd\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb, nuk ka t\u00eb krahasuar me at\u00eb q\u00eb Evropa dhe bota m\u00eb e gjer\u00eb ndeshi kur u p\u00ebrball me rr\u00ebnojat, metaforike dhe reale, t\u00eb ver\u00ebs s\u00eb vitit 1945.<\/p>\n
Duke mbajtur k\u00ebt\u00eb n\u00eb mendje, ajo q\u00eb ndodhi at\u00ebher\u00eb duhet t\u00eb na jap\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve, m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb shpres\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl. \/ Deutsche Welle \u2013 N\u00eb shqip nga bota.al<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Shprehja \u201cp\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb q\u00eb nga Lufta e Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore\u201d, \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur shum\u00eb koh\u00ebt e fundit. Politikan\u00ebt, komentuesit dhe analist\u00ebt i jan\u00eb drejtuar rregullisht luft\u00ebs, si nj\u00eb moment krahasimi p\u00ebr koh\u00ebn dramatike n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn befas po jetojm\u00eb. Para se t\u00eb s\u00ebmurej vet\u00eb nga COVID-19, Kryeministri i Mbret\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Bashkuar Boris Johnson b\u00ebri referenca […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21473,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,10,3,20],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n