{"id":20327,"date":"2020-03-21T12:32:55","date_gmt":"2020-03-21T11:32:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/redaktori.com\/?p=20327"},"modified":"2020-03-21T12:33:19","modified_gmt":"2020-03-21T11:33:19","slug":"si-u-kthyem-serish-te-bindur-ne-panoptikon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/redaktori.com\/?p=20327","title":{"rendered":"Si u kthyem s\u00ebrish t\u00eb bindur n\u00eb \u201cPanoptikon\u201d!"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nga Ben Andoni<\/strong><\/p>\n

Panoptikon\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb koncept i sjell\u00eb nga Jeremy Bentham dhe shpjegohet te \u201cPanoptikon\u201d ose \u201cSht\u00ebpia e mbik\u00ebqyrjes\u201d. Filozofi dhe sociologu Zygmunt Bauman, n\u00eb trajtes\u00ebn e tij \u201cLiria\u201d, sjell\u00eb n\u00eb shqip n\u00eb kolan\u00ebn e filozofis\u00eb dhe shkencave politike e analizon n\u00eb disa drejtime sa i p\u00ebrket aspektit t\u00eb liris\u00eb. \u00a0Pik\u00ebrisht, asaj q\u00eb na mungon sot, kuptohet e diktuar nga kushte, q\u00eb jan\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht jasht\u00eb nesh dhe jo t\u00eb themi, t\u00eb sjella nga rendi politik-social i shtetit ton\u00eb. P\u00ebr ta thjesht\u00ebsuar: struktura e \u201cPanoptikonit\u201d t\u00eb Benthamit \u00ebsht\u00eb kjo: Nj\u00eb kull\u00eb qendrore e rrethuar me qela, q\u00eb v\u00ebzhgohen leht\u00ebsisht nga rojtari. N\u00eb qela q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb t\u00eb burgosur, pun\u00ebtor\u00eb, ose deri edhe f\u00ebmij\u00eb, n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb q\u00ebllimit t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00ebs. Kulla projekton drit\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb rojtari t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u2019i shoh\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb n\u00eb qela. Por, k\u00ebta t\u00eb fundit nuk jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje ta shohin rojen, ndaj p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye u mbetet t\u00eb supozojn\u00eb se jan\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb n\u00ebn v\u00ebzhgim.<\/p>\n

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\u201cAjo ng\u00ebrthen iden\u00eb e nj\u00eb principi t\u00eb ri nd\u00ebrtimi t\u00eb zbatuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr \u00e7dolloj institucioni ku duhen mbajtur n\u00ebn mbik\u00ebqyrje personat me \u00e7far\u00ebdolloj karakteristikash, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr institucionet e vuajtjes s\u00eb d\u00ebnimit, burgjet, sht\u00ebpit\u00eb industriale, punishtet, streh\u00ebt varf\u00ebrore, fabrikat, \u00e7mendinat, karantinat, spitalet, si edhe shkollat: me nj\u00eb plan administrimi q\u00eb i p\u00ebrshtatet k\u00ebtij principi\u201d<\/em>, shpjegohet n\u00eb literatur\u00ebn e cituar nga Bauman, p\u00ebrkthyer mjesht\u00ebrisht nga Bashkim Shehu dhe Edlira Hoxholli.<\/p>\n

Bauman e vler\u00ebson jasht\u00ebzakonisht paraardh\u00ebsin e shquar por mendon se \u201cPanoptikon\u201d zhbiron n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtin\u00eb mes liris\u00eb dhe munges\u00ebs s\u00eb liris\u00eb. Gjithsesi, kjo kishte pak r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi p\u00ebr Bentham, n\u00eb koh\u00ebn kur jetonte, ndaj vepra e tij \u00e7oi n\u00eb krijimin e konceptit t\u00eb utilitarizmit. Ai, vet\u00eb, do vler\u00ebsohet si nj\u00eb avokat kryesor i ndarjes s\u00eb kish\u00ebs dhe shtetit, liris\u00eb s\u00eb shprehjes dhe t\u00eb drejtave ligjore individuale, koncepte q\u00eb n\u00eb shekullin XIX ishin krejt t\u00eb panjohura nd\u00ebr shqiptar\u00eb dhe m\u00eb gjer\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Ironia e koh\u00ebve nuk mbaron k\u00ebtu. Ai ua besoi ose e la me testament q\u00eb trupi i tij t\u2019u takonte hulumtimit t\u00eb studiuesve, q\u00eb sot e kan\u00eb zbatuar d\u00ebshir\u00ebn e tij duke e vendosur n\u00eb nj\u00eb sarkofag xhami, veshur me kostumin e koh\u00ebs, nga ku nj\u00eb \u00ebebcam i instaluar, regjistron reagimin e njer\u00ebzve q\u00eb nuk ia shkulin syt\u00eb, njeriut q\u00eb donte t\u00eb na mbik\u00ebqyrte institucionalisht. Ironia, pra, t\u00eb sotmit (kushdo qofshin ata), s\u00ebrish me ndihm\u00ebn e tij, testojn\u00eb, algoritme mbik\u00ebqyrjeje.<\/p>\n

Shk\u00ebputemi pak ose vendosemi n\u00eb koh\u00eb. Asokohe n\u00eb territorin q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshinte Shqip\u00ebria mund t\u00eb kishte ndonj\u00eb tek-tuk q\u00eb kishte d\u00ebgjuar p\u00ebr Bentham. Mbase ndonj\u00eb konsull i huaj, ku ta dish udh\u00ebtar\u00ebt e huaj, q\u00eb vinin n\u00eb vendin ende t\u00eb paeksploruar n\u00eb mes t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs. T\u00eb pakt\u00ebn p\u00ebr sa mund t\u00eb abstragojm\u00eb. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb individi shqiptar ishte n\u00ebn mbik\u00ebqyrjen e ashp\u00ebr t\u00eb strukturave sociale t\u00eb nj\u00eb perandorie, q\u00eb ende sundonte forc\u00ebrisht n\u00eb Lindje. Nuk kishe nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb mbik\u00ebqyreshe, sepse mungonte koncepti baz\u00eb i liris\u00eb ose interpretimi, q\u00eb asokohe nd\u00ebrlidhej thjesht me t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn civile p\u00ebr t\u2019iu bindur autoriteteve administrative osmane. Por mbase kishte nj\u00eb lloj ngjashm\u00ebrie: Nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb konceptin e Bentham, \u201cPanoptikon\u201d ishte ngrehina q\u00eb konceptohej n\u00ebn autoritetin e nj\u00eb roje q\u00eb mund t\u00eb v\u00ebzhgonte banor\u00ebt, kurse k\u00ebta t\u00eb fundit nuk arrinin ta shihnin. Individi shqiptar e besonte se \u00e7do shqiptar ishte n\u00ebn mbik\u00ebqyrjen e Allahut, t\u00eb madh, vullnetin e t\u00eb cilit e zbatonte Sulltani i madh\u00ebrish\u00ebm, kurse t\u00eb krishter\u00ebt n\u00eb Zotin, t\u00eb cilit nuk mund t\u2019i fshiheshin.<\/p>\n

Thomas McMullan b\u00ebn nj\u00eb provokim duke e par\u00eb si nj\u00eb metafor\u00eb, duke shkruar te \u201cThe Guardian\u201d se: \u2019Panoptikoni\u2019 rierdhi si koncept n\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e fundit t\u00eb shekullit XX si nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjurmuar tendencat e mbik\u00ebqyrjes s\u00eb shoq\u00ebrive autoritare. A \u00ebsht\u00eb akoma nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb e dobishme p\u00ebr t\u00eb menduar se jemi n\u00ebn mbik\u00ebqyrje, kur jemi n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e strukturave t\u00eb t\u00ebra t\u00eb nd\u00ebrvarura, var\u00ebsisht kjo prej p\u00ebrdorimit apo jo t\u00eb internetit?!<\/p>\n

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