{"id":14485,"date":"2019-07-25T10:45:05","date_gmt":"2019-07-25T08:45:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/redaktori.com\/?p=14485"},"modified":"2019-07-25T10:45:05","modified_gmt":"2019-07-25T08:45:05","slug":"gjuha-shqipe-eshte-themeli-i-tezes-se-autoktonise-se-shqiptareve","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/redaktori.com\/?p=14485","title":{"rendered":"Gjuha shqipe \u00ebsht\u00eb themeli i tez\u00ebs s\u00eb autoktonis\u00eb s\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nga Akademik Myzefer Korkuti<\/strong><\/p>\n

Teza e G.Hahnit mbi autoktonin\u00eb e shqiptar\u00ebve u p\u00ebrkrah dhe u mbrojt mbi nj\u00eb baz\u00eb shkencore m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb thelluar nga nj\u00eb varg historian\u00ebsh e gjuh\u00ebtar\u00ebsh t\u00eb huaj si G.Mayer, H.Pedersen, N.Jokli, V.Cimohovski. tezat jan\u00eb pasuruar m\u00eb tej nga Eqrem \u00c7abej, Mahir Domi, Shaban Demiraj, Seit Mansaku etj.<\/em><\/p>\n

Gjuha ka qen\u00eb e mbetet nj\u00eb nga treguesit m\u00eb par\u00ebsor n\u00eb formimin dhe natyrisht edhe n\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktimin e karakterit etnik t\u00eb nj\u00eb populli. Rrjedhimisht edhe n\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktimin e origjin\u00ebs s\u00eb arb\u00ebrve-shqiptar\u00ebve t\u00eb hersh\u00ebm, t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat gjuh\u00ebsore p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb themelin e tez\u00ebs s\u00eb autoktonis\u00eb s\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve, ndaj nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb rast\u00ebsi q\u00eb studiuesit e par\u00eb q\u00eb u mor\u00ebn me origjin\u00ebn e arb\u00ebrve, jan\u00eb gjuh\u00ebtar\u00ebt. K\u00ebshtu, gjat\u00eb shek. XIX dhe deri n\u00eb prag t\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, n\u00eb zgjidhjen e k\u00ebtij problemi ka mbizot\u00ebruar mendimi i gjuh\u00ebtar\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Duke qen\u00eb se nj\u00eb paraqitje e plot\u00eb e pik\u00ebpamjeve t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebtar\u00ebve rreth origjin\u00ebs s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe, del jasht\u00eb kuadrit t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj trajtese si edhe jasht\u00eb mund\u00ebsive tona, do t\u00eb mjaftohemi t\u00eb japim disa nga pik\u00ebpamjet m\u00eb kryesore t\u00eb studiuesve t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm, t\u00eb cilat t\u00eb krahasuara me t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e shkencave t\u00eb tjera q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb m\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm n\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb autoktonis\u00eb s\u00eb popullit shqiptar. I takon merita albanologut G.Hahn, i cili qysh n\u00eb mesin e shek. XIX formuloi tez\u00ebn e lidhjeve: pellazg\u00eb-ilir\u00eb-shqiptar\u00eb. \u201cMe sa duket, – shkruan ai, – shum\u00eb m\u00eb e natyrshme \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb pranohet q\u00eb st\u00ebrgjysh\u00ebrit e shqiptar\u00ebve t\u00eb sot\u00ebm, qysh n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e romak\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb grek\u00ebve, zinin vendbanimin e sot\u00ebm t\u00eb tyre dhe q\u00eb zakonet e tyre t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta me popujt fqinj\u00eb jan\u00eb ruajtur n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb past\u00ebr dhe m\u00eb besnike se sa te fqinj\u00ebt e tyre\u201d(Hahn,J.G. 213). K\u00ebshtu Hahni arriti n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin se shqipja \u00ebsht\u00eb vazhduese e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb e nj\u00ebrit prej dialekteve m\u00eb t\u00eb vjetra t\u00eb ilirishtes dhe ilir\u00ebt si nj\u00eb nga popujt m\u00eb t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr t\u00eb Ballkanit, kan\u00eb lidhje me pellazg\u00ebt. Fakti q\u00eb autori i k\u00ebsaj pik\u00ebpamjeje e k\u00ebrkon lidhjen e shqipes me pellazgjishten, pra shum\u00eb m\u00eb her\u00ebt n\u00eb koh\u00eb dhe mbi baz\u00ebn e pellazgjishtes shum\u00eb t\u00eb diskutueshme, e b\u00ebri tez\u00ebn e autoktonis\u00eb s\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve shum\u00eb pak t\u00eb besueshme.<\/p>\n

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Teza e G.Hahnit mbi autoktonin\u00eb e shqiptar\u00ebve u p\u00ebrkrah dhe u mbrojt mbi nj\u00eb baz\u00eb shkencore m\u00eb t\u00eb gj\u00ebr\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb thelluar nga nj\u00eb varg historian\u00ebsh e gjuh\u00ebtar\u00ebsh t\u00eb huaj si G.Mayer, H.Pedersen, N.Jokli, V.Cimohovski, etj. Me krijimin e Institutit t\u00eb Shkencave n\u00eb Tiran\u00eb, m\u00eb 1946, e m\u00eb pas t\u00eb Institutit t\u00eb Gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb e t\u00eb Let\u00ebrsis\u00eb me shum\u00eb sektor\u00eb shkencor\u00eb, n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e studimit t\u00eb historis\u00eb s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe u sh\u00ebnuan arritje cil\u00ebsore, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb pasqyruar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb n\u00eb vepr\u00ebn e prof. Eqerem \u00c7abejt (\u00c7abej,E. 1060,32-27; \u00c7abej,E. 1969, 41-65; \u00c7abej,E. 1974,II,7-26). Ato jan\u00eb pasuruar dhe \u00e7uar m\u00eb tej edhe nga gjuh\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb shqiptar\u00eb si prof. Mahir Domi (Domi,M. 1969,247), prof. Shaban Demiraj (Demiraj,Sh.1988), prof. Seit Mansaku (Mansaku,S.1982,3), etj. K\u00ebshtu, n\u00eb saj\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekjeve dhe studimeve t\u00eb disa brezave historian\u00ebsh e gjuh\u00ebtar\u00ebsh p\u00ebr historin\u00eb e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe, \u00ebsht\u00eb arritur t\u00eb provohet shkenc\u00ebrisht prejardhja ilire e k\u00ebsaj gjuhe.<\/p>\n

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Krahas tez\u00ebs iliro-shqiptare u parashtruan pik\u00ebpamje e teza t\u00eb tjera, midis t\u00eb cilave ve\u00e7ohet teza sipas s\u00eb cil\u00ebs shqiptar\u00ebt jan\u00eb st\u00ebrnip\u00ebr t\u00eb trak\u00ebve e p\u00ebr rrjedhoj\u00eb origjina e shqipes duhet k\u00ebrkuar tek trakishtja dhe se ilirishtja nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb gj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr ve\u00e7se nj\u00eb dialekt trak i ilirizuar (Bari\u0107,H. Albanorumanische Studime I, 125). Nj\u00eb q\u00ebndrim t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebm kan\u00eb mbajtur disa gjuh\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt b\u00ebjn\u00eb nj\u00eb bashkim t\u00eb qytezave. Sipas N. Joklit, karakteri iliro-thrakas i gjuh\u00ebs shqipe shpjegohet me faktin se karakteristikat gjuh\u00ebsore t\u00eb ilirishtes p\u00ebrputhen me karakteristikat e nj\u00ebjta t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs thrake (Jokli, N., 24) Nuk mungojn\u00eb edhe variante e n\u00ebnvariante t\u00eb pik\u00ebpamjeve t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre tri grupimeve kryesore q\u00eb p\u00ebrmend\u00ebm m\u00eb lart, t\u00eb cilat studiuesit i kan\u00eb zhvilluar e st\u00ebrholluar m\u00eb tej me argumente e kund\u00ebrargumente.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb rrug\u00ebn e zgjidhjes s\u00eb prejardhjes s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe t\u00eb gjith\u00eb studiuesit kan\u00eb hasur n\u00eb dy v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi objektive.<\/p>\n

S\u00eb pari, n\u00eb krahasimin q\u00eb b\u00ebhet midis ilirishtes e shqipes, njihet vet\u00ebm nj\u00ebra-shqipja si gjuh\u00eb e shkruar; rrjedhimisht p\u00ebr ilirishten mungojn\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e mjaftueshme si p\u00ebr leksikun, struktur\u00ebn gramatikore, fonetik\u00ebn e saj, etj.<\/p>\n

S\u00eb dyti, edhe p\u00ebr shqipen dokumenti i par\u00eb i shkruar, formula e pag\u00ebzimit e vitit 1462, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb fjali e vog\u00ebl n\u00eb shqip, n\u00eb mes t\u00eb nj\u00eb shkrimi latinisht, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nj\u00eb kohe shum\u00eb t\u00eb larg\u00ebt me koh\u00ebn kur \u00ebsht\u00eb folur p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb fundit ilirishtja.<\/p>\n

Krahas v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsive q\u00eb p\u00ebrmend\u00ebm, nuk mund t\u00eb l\u00ebm\u00eb pa v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb spikam\u00eb nj\u00eb fakt historik t\u00eb dor\u00ebs s\u00eb par\u00eb, q\u00eb gjuha shqipe flitet sot n\u00eb truallin ku n\u00eb koh\u00ebn antike banonin ilir\u00ebt e mir\u00ebfillt\u00eb, ku flitej ilirishtja a nj\u00eb dialekt i saj. Ky fakt p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi ku jan\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur studiuesit q\u00eb kan\u00eb argumentuar dhe provuar prejardhjen ilire t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe. Ja disa nga konkluzionet e gjuh\u00ebtar\u00ebve m\u00eb n\u00eb z\u00eb q\u00eb jan\u00eb marr\u00eb me k\u00ebt\u00eb problem.<\/p>\n

J.Thunman: \u201c..Nuk kam gjetur asnj\u00eb gjurm\u00eb t\u00eb ndonj\u00eb shtegtimi t\u00eb m\u00ebvonsh\u00ebm dhe nuk mund t\u00eb mos njoh faktin se fqinj\u00ebt e st\u00ebrmo\u00e7\u00ebm t\u00eb ilir\u00ebve kan\u00eb qen\u00eb grek\u00ebt dhe romak\u00ebt. Rrjedhimisht dhe ilir\u00ebt jan\u00eb t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr\u201d (\u00c7abej,E.1974,12).<\/p>\n

G .Mayer:\u00a0 \u201c..Nuk ka asnj\u00eb baz\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos e konsideruar at\u00eb (shqipen) si nj\u00eb faz\u00eb t\u00eb re t\u00eb ilirishtes s\u00eb mo\u00e7me ose m\u00eb sakt\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebrit prej dialekteve t\u00eb mo\u00e7me ilire\u201d. K\u00ebt\u00eb mendim e p\u00ebrforcoi edhe P.Kre\u00e7mer, i cili shkruan: \u201c\u2026Pranoj q\u00eb gjuha shqipe p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson faz\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb re t\u00eb ilirishtes ose si\u00e7 shprehet me t\u00eb drejt\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb matur Meyer, nj\u00eb dialekt ilir.\u201d Dhe m\u00eb tej pohon se shqiptar\u00ebt banojn\u00eb aty ku n\u00eb koh\u00ebn antike kan\u00eb banuar fise ilire (Mayer, G. 804).<\/p>\n

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V.I.Georgiev: \u201cIlirishtja \u00ebsht\u00eb pasardh\u00ebsja e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb ilirishtja \u00ebsht\u00eb baza , gjuha n\u00ebn\u00eb e shqipes\u201d (Georgiev,V.I. 1974,56).<\/p>\n

R.Kati\u010di\u0107: \u201cShqipja qysh n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e lasht\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb folur pak a shum\u00eb n\u00eb viset, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat flitet sot.\u00a0 \u00cbsht\u00eb normale dhe e natyrshme q\u00eb shqipja t\u00eb konsiderohet si nj\u00eb pasardh\u00ebse e ilirishtes\u201d (Kati\u010di\u0107,R. 1974,98).<\/p>\n

Nga gjuh\u00ebtar\u00ebt shqiptar\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb E.\u00c7abej q\u00eb me veprat e tij \u201cHyrje n\u00eb historin\u00eb e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe\u201d, \u201cFonetika historike e shqipes\u201d, \u201cStudime etimologjike n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e shqipes\u201d si edhe me disa artikuj, referate e kumtesa ka mb\u00ebshtetur dhe provuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb tez\u00ebn se gjuha shqipe \u00ebsht\u00eb bij\u00eb e ilirishtes. \u201cAnalogjit\u00eb q\u00eb vihen re n\u00eb mes t\u00eb shqipes dhe mbeturinave t\u00eb ilirishtes, – p\u00ebrfundon E.\u00c7abej, -d\u00ebshmojn\u00eb n\u00eb fakt p\u00ebr nj\u00eb raport filiacioni midis k\u00ebtyre dy gjuh\u00ebve\u201d (\u00c7abej,E. 1969,52).<\/p>\n

N\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb k\u00ebtij konkluzioni autori analizon d\u00ebshmit\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsore q\u00eb trash\u00ebgojm\u00eb nga ilirishtja, t\u00eb cilat duke u mb\u00ebshtetur n\u00eb nj\u00eb metod\u00eb rigorozisht shkencore, i krahason me t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb sfer\u00ebn e toponomastik\u00ebs historike, n\u00eb nj\u00eb trev\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb gjeografike, e cila dihet se n\u00eb koh\u00ebn antike ka qen\u00eb banuar nga ilir\u00ebt, ruhen shum\u00eb emra qytetesh, lumenjsh, malesh etj., t\u00eb cil\u00ebt n\u00eb trajt\u00ebn q\u00eb kan\u00eb sot n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn shqipe, d\u00ebshmojn\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb vazhdim\u00ebsi t\u00eb banimit nga e nj\u00ebjta popullsi. Dhe ajo q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb thelb\u00ebsore, ato spjegohen vet\u00ebm me an\u00ebn e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe. T\u00eb tilla jan\u00eb: Scodra-Shkod\u00ebr, Naissus-Nish, Drivastum-Drisht, Pirustae-Qafa e Prushit, Lissus-Lezh, Dyrrachion-Durr\u00ebs, Isammus-Ish\u00ebm, Scampinus-Shkumbin, Aulon-Vlon\u00eb, Vlor\u00eb, Thyamis-\u00c7am. N\u00eb radh\u00ebn e k\u00ebtyre toponimeve, t\u00eb cilat E.\u00c7abej i quan nga provat m\u00eb shteruese, p\u00ebr t\u00eb provuar autoktonin\u00eb e popullit shqiptar, duhet p\u00ebrmendur edhe emri i fisit ilir albanoi q\u00eb banonte n\u00eb shpin\u00eb t\u00eb Durr\u00ebsit, emri nacional i vjet\u00ebr i popullit dhe i vendit ton\u00eb, q\u00eb u ruajt n\u00eb form\u00ebn arb\u00ebri, arb\u00ebr, n\u00eb truallin e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb dhe n\u00eb ngulimet shqiptare t\u00eb Italis\u00eb e Greqis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vazhdim t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave toponomastike mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmenden edhe shum\u00eb emra t\u00eb zon\u00ebs ilire, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt gjejn\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsit e tyre edhe n\u00eb leksikun e shqipes a n\u00eb toponomin\u00eb e saj.\u00a0 Krahaso: Bigesti-big\u00eb:\u201cmal me dy maja, maj\u00eb mali\u201d; Brindia-Brundisium-brim brini; Dardania-dardh\u00eb; Delmatia-delme; Lamatis-lam\u00eb, l\u00ebm\u00eb; Molontum-mal; Mathis-mat: \u201cbuz\u00eb lumi, breg deti\u201d; Pelagonia-pellg m\u00eb i vjet\u00ebr; Ragusium-Rush, rrush; Sason emri i ishullit t\u00eb Sazanit; Tergaste-treg; Ulkinion-ulk; etj.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb prov\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, p\u00ebr vazhdim\u00ebsin\u00eb iliro-shqiptare, p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb emrat vetjak q\u00eb vijn\u00eb nga treva ilire dhe q\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb a t\u00eb ngjashme, jan\u00eb ruajtur n\u00eb antroponimin\u00eb shqipe ose shpjegohen me mjetet e saj. Emra t\u00eb till\u00eb njer\u00ebzish do t\u00eb ishin: Anna, Bardus, Bardyllis, Bato, Dases, Das (s)ins, Dida, Gentius, Grabus, Epicadus, Lydra (Ludra), Licca, Monunins, Pleuratus, Teutana, etj.<\/p>\n

Kur parashtojm\u00eb pik\u00ebpamjet dhe ndihmes\u00ebn e gjuh\u00ebtar\u00ebve shqiptar\u00eb p\u00ebr origjin\u00ebn e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe, nuk mund t\u00eb mos ve\u00e7ojm\u00eb prof. Sh.Demiraj, i cili, me vepr\u00ebn \u201cGjuha shqipe dhe historia e saj\u201d (Tiran\u00eb 1988), ka merit\u00ebn se pas, nj\u00eb shqyrtimi t\u00ebr\u00ebsor q\u00eb i b\u00ebn problemit, arrin t\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb p\u00ebrfundime t\u00eb plota e t\u00eb qarta p\u00ebr gjuh\u00ebn shqipe dhe historin\u00eb e saj (Demiraj,Sh. 1988,19-34).<\/p>\n

Pas k\u00ebsaj parashtrese sintetike, t\u00eb pik\u00ebpamjeve dhe t\u00eb argumenteve t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebtar\u00ebve q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin tez\u00ebn e bir\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb shqipes nga ilirishtja, \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00ebse e nevojshme t\u00eb ndalemi edhe tek dy an\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb problemit, q\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb lidhje t\u00eb ngusht\u00eb e t\u00eb nd\u00ebrthurura me \u00e7\u00ebshtjen e formimit t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe. \u00cbshta fjala p\u00ebr vendin dhe koh\u00ebn e formimit t\u00eb saj; k\u00ebto \u00e7\u00ebshtje n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb ose an\u00ebsore, kan\u00eb qen\u00eb objekt k\u00ebrkimesh pothuajse nga t\u00eb gjith\u00eb gjuh\u00ebtar\u00ebt. Rrjedhimisht edhe p\u00ebrfundimet e tyre kan\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme. P\u00ebrkrah\u00ebsit e tez\u00ebs s\u00eb origjin\u00ebs trake t\u00eb ilirishtes apo t\u00eb tez\u00ebs trako-ilire N.Jokli (Jokli,N. 1924,32), G.Weigand (Weigand,G. 1927,227-251), mbrojn\u00eb pik\u00ebpamjen se djepi ballkanik i shqiptar\u00ebve duhet k\u00ebrkuar m\u00eb n\u00eb lindje, n\u00eb trev\u00ebn ku flitej trakishtja. V.I.Georgiev, ndon\u00ebse mb\u00ebshtet tez\u00ebn se ilirishtja \u00ebsht\u00eb gjuha n\u00ebn\u00eb e shqipes, kur \u00ebsht\u00eb fjala p\u00ebr p\u00ebrcaktimin e trev\u00ebs s\u00eb ngusht\u00eb t\u00eb formimit t\u00eb saj, shprehet se: \u201cGjuha shqipe \u00ebsht\u00eb me origjin\u00eb dakomize (dardaniane) nd\u00ebrsa ilirishtja s\u2019\u00ebsht\u00eb ve\u00e7 nj\u00eb komponent\u00eb e shqipes\u201d (Georgiev,V.I. 1974, 56), pra, sipas tij, trualli i formimit t\u00eb shqipes ka qen\u00eb ai i Dardanis\u00eb antike. Rreth truallit t\u00eb formimit t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe ka edhe pik\u00ebpamje m\u00eb ekstreme. Sipas G. Schramm shqiptar\u00ebt nuk jan\u00eb aspak pasardh\u00ebs t\u00eb ilir\u00ebve, por nj\u00eb popull q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb dyndur nga brend\u00ebsia e gadishullit Ballkanik (Schramm, G. 1994, 9-47).<\/p>\n

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Mbi fakte m\u00eb t\u00eb shumta e m\u00eb t\u00eb plota mb\u00ebshtetet teza se shqipja \u00ebsht\u00eb formuar n\u00eb trevat e Adriatikut Lindor e t\u00eb Jonit, n\u00eb tokat t\u00eb cilat n\u00eb koh\u00ebn antike kan\u00eb qen\u00eb banuar nga Ilir\u00ebt e Jugut. N\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj teze, nj\u00eb ndihmes\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb ka dh\u00ebn\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsia shqiptare e 40 viteve t\u00eb fundit me studimet e E.\u00c7abej, J. Gjinari (Gjinari, J. 1969,175-184), Sh.Demiraj, etj. Po ndalemi m\u00eb konkretisht mbi disa nga provat gjuh\u00ebsore q\u00eb sjellin k\u00ebta autor\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Toponimia e mo\u00e7me e trevave shqiptare, e cila ka qen\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim t\u00eb pand\u00ebrprer\u00eb qysh nga koha antike e deri n\u00eb dit\u00ebt tona, p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00eb nga provat m\u00eb bind\u00ebse p\u00ebr vazhdim\u00ebsin\u00eb e banimit nga e nj\u00ebjta popullsi. Ajo bart me vete shtres\u00ebzime t\u00eb periudhave t\u00eb ndryshme historike dhe rrjedhimisht edhe gjurm\u00ebt e ndikimeve t\u00eb kulturave t\u00eb tjera, po r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi t\u00eb dor\u00ebs s\u00eb par\u00eb ka fakti se vijim\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebve emra \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me evolucionin e sistemit fonetik t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe, si rrjedhoj\u00eb, ato p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb argumente t\u00eb pakund\u00ebrshtueshme. Toponime t\u00eb tilla, t\u00eb analizuara imt\u00ebsisht nga gjuh\u00ebtar\u00ebt, ka mjaft. Ato ndodhen n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn bregdetare t\u00eb territorit shqiptar si: Shkodra, Buna, Ishmi, Drishti, Shkumbini , Vlora, etj.<\/p>\n

Rreth terminologjis\u00eb detare t\u00eb shqipes \u00ebsht\u00eb diskutuar mjaft. Sipas mendimit t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm shum\u00eb fjal\u00eb, q\u00eb i p\u00ebrkasin lundrimit e peshkimit, jan\u00eb marr\u00eb nga gjuh\u00ebt fqinje e kjo merret si nj\u00eb prov\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtuar tez\u00ebn e banimit t\u00eb hersh\u00ebm t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve n\u00eb brigjet e Adriatikut. \u00cbsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb se nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e k\u00ebtij leksiku \u00ebsht\u00eb e burimit t\u00eb huaj, por \u00ebsht\u00eb po kaq e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb se nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e terminologjis\u00eb q\u00eb lidhet me flor\u00ebn dhe faun\u00ebn e detit dhe ajo q\u00eb i p\u00ebrket lundrimit e peshkimit, \u00ebsht\u00eb e fondit autokton t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fond hyjn\u00eb fjal\u00ebt: det (me kuptimin baz\u00eb \u201cthell\u00ebsi\u201d), bashk\u00eb me bregdet e detar; mat-buz\u00eb deti a lumi; gryk\u00eb, val\u00eb, etj.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjes s\u00eb lasht\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb shqipes n\u00eb brigjet e Adriatikut vijn\u00eb edhe huazimet nga greqishtja e vjet\u00ebr dhe latinishtja. N\u00eb shqip ka nj\u00eb tok fjal\u00ebsh me prejardhje nga greqishtja e vjet\u00ebr, m\u00eb sakt\u00ebsisht nga dialekti dorik i saj. Fjal\u00eb me prejardhje t\u00eb tilla gjuh\u00ebtar\u00ebt pranojn\u00eb: moken-mok\u00ebr, bretek (bretkos\u00eb), drap\u00ebn-drap\u00ebr; laken-lak\u00ebr; pjep\u00ebn-pjep\u00ebr; presh, qershi, shpell\u00eb, etj. Prania e k\u00ebtyre fjal\u00ebve me burim nga dorishtja d\u00ebshmon p\u00ebr kontakte e marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie shum\u00eb t\u00eb hershme t\u00eb grek\u00ebve t\u00eb koh\u00ebs antike me ilir\u00ebt-paraardh\u00ebsit e shqiptar\u00ebve. Dhe k\u00ebto kontakte u zhvilluan n\u00eb territorin per\u00ebndimor t\u00eb Gadishullit Ballkanik, aty ku u themeluan edhe kolonit\u00eb e hershme helene.<\/p>\n

Ndikimet e greqishtes mbi ilirishten e antikitetit t\u00eb von\u00eb e m\u00eb pas mbi arb\u00ebrishten e periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb mesjet\u00ebs s\u00eb hershme jan\u00eb t\u00eb dukshme, sidomos pas vendosjes s\u00eb greqishtes si gjuh\u00eb zyrtare e Perandoris\u00eb Bizantine. N\u00eb huazimin e fjal\u00ebve greke ka ndikuar edhe fakti se nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e madhe e popullsis\u00eb s\u00eb krishtere t\u00eb territorit t\u00eb vendit ton\u00eb ishte ortodokse e p\u00ebr rrjedhoj\u00eb gjuha liturgjike ishte greqisht (Demiraj,Sh. 1988,106-117).<\/p>\n

Gjer\u00ebsia e burimeve t\u00eb shkruara n\u00eb latinisht u kan\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb mund\u00ebsi studiuesve t\u00eb ven\u00eb n\u00eb dukje kontaktet e hershme e t\u00eb vazhdueshme t\u00eb ilir\u00ebve me romak\u00ebt edhe n\u00eb rrafshin gjuh\u00ebsor.\u00a0 Pushtimi i Iliris\u00eb nga romak\u00ebt, n\u00eb mesin e shek.II p.e.son\u00eb, i cili zgjati deri n\u00eb vitin 395 t\u00eb e.son\u00eb, kur Perandoria romake u nda n\u00eb at\u00eb t\u00eb Lindjes dhe t\u00eb Per\u00ebndimit, u b\u00eb nj\u00eb faktor vendimtar p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb zhvillimin e jet\u00ebs social – politike e ekonomiko-kulturore t\u00eb Iliris\u00eb. Masat me karakter administrativ e ushtarak q\u00eb mori Perandoria Romake, si vendosja e ushtar\u00ebve \u201cveteran\u00eb\u201d n\u00eb tokat e pushtuara, ngritja e k\u00ebshtjellave ushtarake n\u00eb shum\u00eb zona t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, nd\u00ebrtimi i rrug\u00ebve t\u00eb m\u00ebdha q\u00eb lidhnin e p\u00ebrshkonin t\u00ebr\u00eb perandorin\u00eb, si Via Egnatia, si edhe vendosja e kolon\u00ebve romak\u00eb n\u00eb disa qytete dhe kthimi i tyre n\u00eb koloni u pasua me ndryshime thelb\u00ebsore n\u00eb territorin e Ballkanit. Si rrjedhoj\u00eb, u romanizuan zonat bregdetare t\u00eb Dalmacis\u00eb, Dakia (Rumania e sotme), etj.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrdorimi i latinishtes, si gjuh\u00eb zyrtare n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb perandorin\u00eb, ndikoi fuqimisht n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn e popujve q\u00eb u p\u00ebrfshin\u00eb brenda saj. Latinishtja ishte privilegj i nj\u00eb numri t\u00eb kufizuar njer\u00ebzish dhe mbi t\u00eb gjitha ishte gjuh\u00eb e pakuptueshme p\u00ebr mas\u00ebn e gjer\u00eb t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb, por trysnis\u00eb s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs zyrtare latine, q\u00eb u p\u00ebrdor disa shekuj me radh\u00eb, nuk mund t\u2019i shp\u00ebtonte gjuha e popullsis\u00eb vendase ilire. Si rrjedhoj\u00eb, n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn e folur u fut\u00ebn nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i madh fjal\u00ebsh me burim latin, t\u00eb cilat nuk prek\u00ebn leksikun themelor t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe e aq m\u00eb pak struktur\u00ebn gramatikore t\u00eb saj.<\/p>\n

Pa mohuar rolin qytet\u00ebrues q\u00eb luajti latinishtja si gjuh\u00eb e shkruar, ajo mbeti shum\u00eb e kufizuar n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim. Studiues t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm jan\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekur t\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb edhe nj\u00eb kufi ndar\u00ebs midis zonave ku ushtroi trysnin\u00eb e vet greqishtja dhe zonave ku si gjuh\u00eb zyrtare p\u00ebrdorej latinishtja. Shum\u00eb qart\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shprehur p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb problem E.\u00c7abej, i cili shkruan: \u201cKufiri gjuh\u00ebsor greko-latin as nuk mund t\u00eb hiqet n\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb mbishkrimeve, sepse k\u00ebto mbishkrime japin nj\u00eb ide p\u00ebr gjuh\u00ebn e atyre q\u00eb shkruanin gjuh\u00ebn e banor\u00ebve t\u00eb shkolluar t\u00eb qyteteve. Ato nuk na thon\u00eb gj\u00eb p\u00ebr gjuh\u00ebn q\u00eb fliste masa q\u00eb nuk shkruante, sidomos popullsia fshatare e mal\u00ebsore. Prandaj ky kufi gjuh\u00ebsor mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb vler\u00eb shum\u00eb-shum\u00eb p\u00ebr popullsin\u00eb qytetare.\u00a0 Q\u00eb fshatar\u00ebsia, pohon m\u00eb tej E.\u00c7abej, – p\u00ebr shum\u00eb koh\u00eb nuk foli as latinisht as greqisht, k\u00ebt\u00eb na e d\u00ebshmon bash ruajtja e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe, q\u00eb nga ajo koh\u00eb e gjer m\u00eb sot, ruajtje q\u00eb ndryshe nuk shpjegohet\u201d (\u00c7abej,E. 1960,49).<\/p>\n

Shqyrtimi q\u00eb u b\u00ebn S.Anamali mbishkrimeve latine, shpesht\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb tyre, n\u00eb territorin e Iliris\u00eb s\u00eb Jugut \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ndihmes\u00eb e nj\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsie t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb mendimit t\u00eb E.\u00c7abejt, por edhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb hedhur drit\u00eb me t\u00eb dh\u00ebna p\u00ebrmes burimeve t\u00eb mir\u00ebfillta arkeologjike q\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat p\u00ebrfundime historike (Anamali,S. \u201cStudime Historike\u201d 1972,3, 121-124).<\/p>\n

Numri i mbishkrimeve latine t\u00eb gjetura n\u00eb territorin e sot\u00ebm t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb rreth 200, num\u00ebr ky shum\u00eb i vog\u00ebl n\u00eb krahasim me mbishkrimet e gjetura n\u00eb provincat e tjera romake. Problemi b\u00ebhet edhe m\u00eb i qart\u00eb po t\u00eb shqyrtohet shp\u00ebrndarja e k\u00ebtyre mbishkrimeve. N\u00eb Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb e Veriut, mbishkrime latine jan\u00eb gjetur n\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb kufizuar n\u00eb dy qytetet kryesore, n\u00eb Shkod\u00ebr e Lezh\u00eb. Zona kryesore, ku jan\u00eb zbuluar m\u00eb shum\u00eb se gjysma e mbishkrimeve latine, \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo e kolonis\u00eb s\u00eb Dyrrahut me periferin\u00eb e tij. Nj\u00eb zon\u00eb tjet\u00ebr ku jan\u00eb zbuluar mbishkrime latine \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo e Bylisit si edhe kolonia e Buthrotit. Gjetja e disa gur\u00ebve miliar gjat\u00eb rrug\u00ebve t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, si edhe e disa mbishkrimeve votive n\u00eb pika t\u00eb ve\u00e7uara, nuk mund t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb si d\u00ebshmi e pranis\u00eb s\u00eb nj\u00eb popullsie q\u00eb fliste latinisht.<\/p>\n

Me p\u00ebrjashtim t\u00eb Dyrrahut, ku ka nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb konsideruesh\u00ebm mbishkrimesh, n\u00eb mikrozonat ku jan\u00eb gjetur ato pak mbishkrime nuk mund t\u00eb pranohet se popullsia e k\u00ebtyre zonave ishte latinizuar dhe fliste latinisht. Ky p\u00ebrfundim gjen mb\u00ebshtetje edhe n\u00eb faktin se n\u00eb mbishkrimet e zbuluara n\u00eb k\u00ebto zona, gjejm\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb konsideruesh\u00ebm emrash ilir\u00eb si Gent, Epikad, Plator, Klevata, Tata, Amai, Anula, Dastid, Pladomen, Sura, Pyran, etj., emra q\u00eb vijn\u00eb nga koha ilire, e p\u00ebr rrjedhoj\u00eb, jan\u00eb prova t\u00eb mbijetes\u00ebs s\u00eb popullsis\u00eb ilire.<\/p>\n

Duke analizuar p\u00ebrhapien e mbishkrimeve latine n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, S.Anamali ndalet edhe n\u00eb faktin se n\u00eb disa krahina t\u00eb Iliris\u00eb s\u00eb Jugut nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb gjetur asnj\u00eb mbishkrim latin. K\u00ebshtu fjala vjen, si mund t\u00eb flitet p\u00ebr popullsi latinofone n\u00eb trev\u00ebn e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb Juglindore t\u00eb banuar nga dasaret\u00ebt, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e Plinit ishin ilir, kur n\u00eb k\u00ebto treva jan\u00eb gjetur vet\u00ebm dy pllaka votive (nj\u00eb n\u00eb fshatin Memlisht e nj\u00eb n\u00eb bregun per\u00ebndimor t\u00eb liqenit t\u00eb Ohrit), t\u00eb cilat ndon\u00ebse mbajn\u00eb emra latin\u00eb, jan\u00eb shkruar n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn greke. Po k\u00ebshtu edhe n\u00eb Apoloni, Amantia e Foinike, jan\u00eb gjetur mbishkrime t\u00eb koh\u00ebs romake po t\u00eb shkruara n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn greke. Gjithashtu nuk jan\u00eb gjetur mbishkrime n\u00eb krahinat e brendshme t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb Verilindore dhe as n\u00eb Mat, Mirdit\u00eb e Dib\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim t\u00eb analiz\u00ebs s\u00eb vet p\u00ebr p\u00ebrhapjen e mbishkrimeve latine n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, S.Anamali shkruan se teza e \u201czhdukjes s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs ilire\u201d nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb bind\u00ebse dhe se nuk mund t\u00eb konsiderohet si kufi gjuh\u00ebsor, as edhe etnik, p\u00ebrhapja e mbishkrimeve latine e greke, vlen vet\u00ebm si nj\u00eb ndarje midis ndikimit t\u00eb dy kulturave, asaj greke e romake.<\/p>\n

Pas k\u00ebsaj parashtrese t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhur, po t\u00eb nevojshme t\u00eb arritjeve t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb p\u00ebr origjin\u00ebn e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe, do t\u00eb ndalemi m\u00eb holl\u00ebsisht tek ndihmesa e arkeologjis\u00eb shqiptare n\u00eb ndri\u00e7imin dhe argumentimin e autoktonis\u00eb s\u00eb popullit shqiptar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nga Akademik Myzefer Korkuti Teza e G.Hahnit mbi autoktonin\u00eb e shqiptar\u00ebve u p\u00ebrkrah dhe u mbrojt mbi nj\u00eb baz\u00eb shkencore m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb thelluar nga nj\u00eb varg historian\u00ebsh e gjuh\u00ebtar\u00ebsh t\u00eb huaj si G.Mayer, H.Pedersen, N.Jokli, V.Cimohovski. tezat jan\u00eb pasuruar m\u00eb tej nga Eqrem \u00c7abej, Mahir Domi, Shaban Demiraj, Seit Mansaku etj. 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