{"id":11042,"date":"2019-05-06T21:24:56","date_gmt":"2019-05-06T19:24:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/redaktori.com\/?p=11042"},"modified":"2019-05-06T21:24:56","modified_gmt":"2019-05-06T19:24:56","slug":"familja-medici-nje-rrefim-per-te-paperseritshmit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/redaktori.com\/?p=11042","title":{"rendered":"Familja Medi\u00e7i, nj\u00eb rr\u00ebfim p\u00ebr t\u00eb pap\u00ebrs\u00ebritshmit"},"content":{"rendered":"

Rr\u00ebfim i jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr nj\u00eb dinasti q\u00eb ka nj\u00eb vend t\u00eb padiskutuesh\u00ebm n\u00eb historin\u00eb e Europ\u00ebs. Bankier\u00ebt q\u00eb u pasuruan me bekimin edhe t\u00eb Vatikanit dhe e b\u00ebn\u00eb Firencen nj\u00eb qytet m\u00eb t\u00eb pangjash\u00ebm n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb kontinentin.\u00a0<\/em><\/span>Historia e nj\u00eb familjeje, e mbushur me suksese, por edhe me shum\u00eb komplote, vrasje (edhe brenda Katedraleve) dhe hakmarrje. Nj\u00eb familje q\u00eb nxorri Pap\u00eb, dhe q\u00eb u b\u00eb mbrojt\u00ebsja e artist\u00ebve dhe dijetar\u00ebve m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj t\u00eb Rilindjes, nga Mikelanxhelo tek Boti\u00e7eli, nga Leonardo Da Vin\u00e7i, tek Galileo Galilei, dhe q\u00eb frym\u00ebzoi \u201cPrincin\u201d e jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm t\u00eb Makiavelit<\/em><\/p>\n

Evrop\u00eb, viti 1400: Nj\u00eb kontinent i rr\u00ebnuar prej luft\u00ebs dhe murtaj\u00ebs, dominohet nga auoriteti i Kish\u00ebs Katolike. N\u00eb qytete dhe qendra banimi, tregtar\u00eb e sip\u00ebrmarr\u00ebs ndiejn\u00eb se bota e tyre po ndryshon. Me rritjen e tregtis\u00eb dhe pasuris\u00eb, zhvillohet edhe nj\u00eb etje p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb dije.<\/p>\n

Duke mos qen\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb neglizhuar n\u00eb hijet e Kish\u00ebs, filozofia klasike, poezia, arti dhe skulptura nisin t\u00eb arrijn\u00eb nj\u00eb audienc\u00eb t\u00eb re. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb n\u00eb qytete kozmopolitan\u00eb si Firence, vendlindja e Kozimo de Medicit.<\/p>\n

Firence n\u00eb 1400 \u00ebsht\u00eb si asnj\u00eb qytet tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb. Nj\u00eb qend\u00ebr e madhe tregtie n\u00eb zem\u00ebr t\u00eb Toskan\u00ebs, ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb republik\u00eb ku familje t\u00eb fuqishme konkurojn\u00eb p\u00ebr kontrollin politik. Q\u00eb nga nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb an\u00ebsore n\u00eb sheshin\u00a0 kryesor, i ati i Kozimos, Xhovani de Medici menaxhon bank\u00ebn de Medici.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb nj\u00eb l\u00ebvizje mendjempreht\u00eb, Medicit, bab\u00eb e bir \u201cv\u00ebn\u00eb bast\u201d n\u00eb zgjedhjet papnore dhe fitojn\u00eb. Shp\u00ebrblimi p\u00ebr besnik\u00ebrin\u00eb e trye \u00ebsht\u00eb e gjith\u00eb llogaria bankare papnore. Duke u mb\u00ebshtetur n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kontrat\u00eb, banka Medici zgjerohet n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn, duke e ngjitur familjen n\u00eb elit\u00ebn e Firences.<\/p>\n

KUBEJA<\/strong><\/p>\n

Familjet kryesore t\u00eb Firences kan\u00eb si obsesion nj\u00eb d\u00ebshtim posht\u00ebrues. P\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb shekull, nj\u00eb katedrale shum\u00eb e madhe ka q\u00ebndruar mbi kryet e qytetit. Nuk ka \u00e7ati apo kube dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb krejt e hapur. Ata q\u00eb e kishin planifikuar, nd\u00ebrtuan nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb qendrore shum\u00eb t\u00eb madhe p\u00ebr t\u2019u mbuluar. Kushdo q\u00eb do t\u2019i jepte qytetit kuben\u00eb e tij, do t\u00eb fitonte fam\u00ebn e p\u00ebrjetshme.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb burr\u00eb besonte se dinte si ta nd\u00ebrtonte at\u00eb kube. Filipo Bruneleski, arpunues dhe inxhinier kishte studiuar teknikat e nd\u00ebrtimit si dhe materialet e Rom\u00ebs s\u00eb lasht\u00eb, dhe ai besonte se ishte n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb rishkruante rregullat e arkitektur\u00ebs moderne. Tani, me ndihm\u00ebn e nj\u00eb veze, ai bindi autoritetet e katedrales q\u00eb ta lejonin t\u00eb ofronte shfaqjen m\u00eb gjigande n\u00eb qytet.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, teksa pasuria e Medicit rritej, e nj\u00ebjta gj\u00eb ndodhte edhe me eg\u00ebrsin\u00eb e rival\u00ebve. Sapo Xhovani vdes, familja Albizi nis nj\u00eb luft\u00eb kund\u00ebr trash\u00ebgimtar\u00ebve t\u00eb tij, de Medici. Firence nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e madhe sa duhet p\u00ebr t\u00eb patur vend p\u00ebr t\u00eb dy familjet, dhe n\u00eb 7 shtator 1433, Kozimo de Medici arrestohet dhe akuzohet p\u00ebr tradh\u00ebti. Kozimo shfryt\u00ebzon pasurin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb korruptuar dhe dal\u00eb pa lagur nga burgu, por Medicit shpallen t\u00eb jasht\u00ebligjsh\u00ebm dhe Albizit triumfojn\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Tashm\u00eb, asnj\u00eb mik i Kozimos nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i sigurt\u00eb. Edhe Bruneleskin e flakin n\u00eb qeli, duke b\u00ebr\u00eb k\u00ebshtu t\u00eb ndalet puna p\u00ebr kuben\u00eb. Jeta pa Medicit nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e leht\u00eb. N\u00eb Firence, biznesi shteron, dhe brenda nj\u00eb viti zem\u00ebrimi drejtohet kund\u00ebr familjes Albizi. Me nd\u00ebrhyrjen e Pap\u00ebs, Kozimo siguron rikthimin n\u00eb Firence, dhe rimerr pozicionin e tij si lider jozyrtar i qytetit. Hakmarrja \u00ebsht\u00eb e \u00ebmb\u00ebl.<\/p>\n

TRIUMF?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Me nj\u00eb shije p\u00ebr artin dhe plot talent, Kozimo autorizon tashm\u00eb zanat\u00e7injt\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb epok\u00ebs s\u00eb tij. Q\u00eb nga Donatelo e Lipi deri tek Mikelozo dhe Gozoli, vepra t\u00eb mrekullueshme prodhohen n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb Kumbarit. Deri n\u00eb 1436, kubeja m\u00eb n\u00eb fund \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduar, dhe merit\u00ebn e merr Kozimo. Ai fton mikun e tij, Pap\u00ebn, q\u00eb t\u00eb kryej\u00eb shenjt\u00ebrimin. N\u00eb vitin 1439, Kozimo nuk lejon t\u2019i shp\u00ebtoj\u00eb rasti p\u00ebr t\u00eb bashkuar kulturat e lindjes dhe per\u00ebndimit, n\u00eb K\u00ebshillin e mrekulluesh\u00ebm t\u00eb Firences.<\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb kulmi i suksesit t\u00eb tij, e megjithat\u00eb Kozimo ka frik\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhmen e dinastis\u00eb s\u00eb tij. Biri i tij i preferuar dhe nipi vdesin p\u00ebrpara tij. \u201cE njoh humorin e qytetit tim, para se t\u00eb ken\u00eb kaluar 50 vite do t\u00eb na ken\u00eb p\u00ebrz\u00ebn\u00eb, por nd\u00ebrtesat e mia do t\u00eb mbeten\u201d. Me vdekjen e tij n\u00eb 1464, Kozimo nderohet me titullin Pater Patriae \u2013 Baba i Atdheut \u2013 por, kush do t\u00eb udh\u00ebheq\u00eb Medicit dhe Firencen? Kush do t\u00eb z\u00ebr\u00eb vendin e Kumbarit t\u00eb Rilindjes?<\/p>\n

Firence, gusht 1466: Lorenco de Medici, trash\u00ebgimtari 17-vje\u00e7ar i dinastis\u00eb, zbulon dhe pengon nj\u00eb komplot p\u00ebr vrasjen e t\u00eb atit dhe shp\u00ebton familjen nga nj\u00eb coup d\u2019etat. Medicit ende e dominojn\u00eb Firencen, por tani marrin masa mbrojt\u00ebse shtes\u00eb, duke p\u00ebrzgjedhur nj\u00eb nuse t\u00eb dobishme p\u00ebr Lorencon.<\/p>\n

Klaris Orsini, nj\u00eb bij\u00eb baroni dhe mbes\u00eb kardinali sjell lidhje, klas, si dhe muskuj ushtarak\u00eb n\u00eb dinastin\u00eb Medici. N\u00eb punishtet e Firences, biznesi nuk ka ecur kurr\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb. N\u00ebn patronazhin e Medicit, artist\u00eb si Sandro Boticeli punojn\u00eb dhe i japin n\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktim t\u00eb ri vet\u00eb Rilindjes. P\u00ebr momentin, \u201cAdhurimi i misterit\u201d i Boticelit konfirmon pozicionin e tij n\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb pushtetit t\u00eb Medicit.<\/p>\n

NJ\u00cb LIDER I RI<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 20-vje\u00e7are, Lorenco b\u00ebhet Kapo i familjes Medici. Kumbari i ri u hap dyert njer\u00ebzve t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm t\u00eb Toskan\u00ebs. N\u00eb k\u00ebmbim t\u00eb \u00e7far\u00ebdolloj gj\u00ebje q\u00eb ata mund t\u00eb lejojn\u00eb vetes, Lorenco ofron ndihm\u00eb dhe mbrojtje. Ky rrjet favoresh t\u00eb nd\u00ebrsjell\u00eb quhet amici degli amici \u2013 \u201cmiqt\u00eb e miqve\u201d.<\/p>\n

Pritjet e rregullta brenda Pallatit Medici b\u00ebjn\u00eb bashk\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb diturit e Firences, ajk\u00ebn e tyre. I frym\u00ebzuar, Boticeli krijon nj\u00eb zhan\u00ebr krejt t\u00eb ri t\u00eb artit. N\u00eb nj\u00eb bot\u00eb t\u00eb dominuar nga Kisha, Lorenco injekton nj\u00eb frym\u00eb lirie laike, e megjithat\u00eb, nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht ai \u00ebsht\u00eb duke b\u00ebr\u00eb shum\u00eb armiq, dhe me shum\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsi. Familja Paci jan\u00eb xheloz\u00eb p\u00ebr pushtetin e jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm t\u00eb Lorencos. Me mb\u00ebshtetjen e Pap\u00ebs, ata komplotojn\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb vrar\u00eb Lorencon dhe v\u00ebllan\u00eb e tij.<\/p>\n

VRASJE N\u00cb KATEDRALE<\/strong><\/p>\n

E diel\u00eb Pashk\u00ebsh, 26 Prill 1478: Mij\u00ebra vet\u00eb ndodhen brenda katedrales s\u00eb madhe t\u00eb Firences. Mes tyre, Lorenco, i v\u00ebllai dhe familja Paci. N\u00eb kulmin e ceremonis\u00eb, vras\u00ebs t\u00eb paguar hyjn\u00eb dhe u afrohen v\u00ebllez\u00ebrve Medici. Xhuliano q\u00ebllohet 19 her\u00eb me thik\u00eb dhe vdes p\u00ebrpara familjes s\u00eb tij t\u00eb tmerruar. Lorenco zhduket. Qyteti zhytet n\u00eb kaos. Fjala p\u00ebr vrasjen p\u00ebrhapet si er\u00eb, dhe familja Paci p\u00ebrpiqet t\u00eb marr\u00eb kontrollin. Krejt papritur, n\u00eb dritaret e pallatit t\u00eb tij shfaqet Lorenco, i mbytur n\u00eb gjak, por i gjall\u00eb. Qyteti kthehet kund\u00ebr familjes Paci dhe hakmarrja \u00ebsht\u00eb brutale.<\/p>\n

Vrasja e Xhulianos trondit Italin\u00eb. Aleat\u00eb t\u00eb familjes Paci d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundojn\u00eb pun\u00ebn q\u00eb ata nis\u00ebn, dhe i shpallin luft\u00eb Firences. Lorenco udh\u00ebton i vet\u00ebm, p\u00ebr t\u00eb negociuar me kumbar\u00ebt e jugut. \u201cNdoshta Zoti d\u00ebshiron q\u00eb kjo luft\u00eb, e cila nisi me gjakun e tim v\u00ebllai dhe gjakun tim, t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoj\u00eb me mjetet e mia\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ai rikthehet n\u00eb Firence triumfues, pasi i ka ofruar rryshfet Mbretit t\u00eb Napolit dhe sprapsur Pap\u00ebn. Pasi ka marr\u00eb nofk\u00ebn Il Magnifico \u201cI Mrekullueshmi\u201d nga qyteti i tij mir\u00ebnjoh\u00ebs, Lorenco eleminon gjith\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtar\u00ebt. Ai adopton djalin e jasht\u00ebligjsh\u00ebm t\u00eb v\u00ebllait t\u00eb vdekur dhe vendos t\u00eb gjith\u00eb qeverin\u00eb n\u00ebn kontrollin e tij personal. Lorenco \u00ebsht\u00eb tashm\u00eb nj\u00eb diktator.<\/p>\n

Rilindja vazhdon t\u00eb lul\u00ebzoj\u00eb. Boticeli autorizohet t\u00eb pikturoj\u00eb nj\u00eb dhurat\u00eb martese p\u00ebr kush\u00ebririn e Kumbarit, \u201cLindjen e Venusit\u201d. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, zbulohet Leonardo Da Vin\u00e7i dhe ai futet n\u00eb vath\u00ebn e Medicit. N\u00eb shkoll\u00ebn e par\u00eb t\u00eb artit n\u00eb bot\u00eb, Lorenco zbulon nj\u00eb gjeni, Mikelanxhelo Buonarotin dhe e adopton edhe at\u00eb n\u00eb familjen e tij.<\/p>\n

PROFETI I FATKEQ\u00cbSIS\u00cb<\/strong><\/p>\n

Etja e Lorencos p\u00ebr kultur\u00eb materiale dhe shija e tij p\u00ebr jetes\u00eb me standarte t\u00eb lart\u00eb ofendon nj\u00eb murg t\u00eb ri dhe shum\u00eb t\u00eb zellsh\u00ebm. Xhirolamo Savonarola beson se Lorenco po udh\u00ebheq Firencen n\u00eb nj\u00eb shteg dekadent shkat\u00ebrrimi. Ai nis t\u00eb predikoj\u00eb kund\u00ebr Medicit, \u201cShkoni dhe i thoni Lorencos q\u00eb t\u00eb pendohet p\u00ebr m\u00ebkatet, sepse Zoti do t\u00eb nd\u00ebshkoj\u00eb at\u00eb dhe familjen e tij!\u201d<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1492, Lorenco s\u00ebmuret. Parashikimet e Savonarol\u00ebs po realizohen, dhe mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr t\u00eb n\u00eb Firence rritet. Pasuria e bank\u00ebs Medici p\u00ebson r\u00ebnie t\u00eb menj\u00ebhershme dhe rrjeti i influenc\u00ebs s\u00eb familjes nis t\u00eb shp\u00ebrb\u00ebhet. Lorenco vdes. Savonarola p\u00ebrhap llojin e tij t\u00eb fondamentalizmit n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Firencen. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb gjurm\u00ebt e ekstravaganc\u00ebs konsumohen n\u00eb zjarrin e madh t\u00eb kot\u00ebsive. Prostitutat rrihen, homoseksual\u00ebt digjen t\u00eb gjall\u00eb. Medicit shpallen t\u00eb jasht\u00ebligjsh\u00ebm. Firence, n\u00eb k\u00ebrkim t\u00eb shp\u00ebtimit, \u00ebsht\u00eb shnd\u00ebrruar n\u00eb nj\u00eb vizion t\u00eb ferrit.<\/p>\n

Firence, 1501: 26 vje\u00e7ari Mikelanxhelo realizon nj\u00eb kryevep\u00ebr gjigande, e cila do t\u00eb simbolizoj\u00eb betej\u00ebn e tij kund\u00ebr nj\u00eb familjeje q\u00eb dikur e adhuronte. I rritur n\u00eb mosh\u00eb t\u00eb re pran\u00eb trash\u00ebgimtar\u00ebve Medici, ai pa se si ata u d\u00ebbuan dhe mbi kok\u00ebn e tyre u vendos nj\u00eb shp\u00ebrblim. Tani, jan\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebrkim t\u00eb nj\u00eb rruge q\u00eb do t\u2019i kthej\u00eb n\u00eb pushtet.<\/p>\n

26 Janar, 1504: Mikelanxhelo zbulon Davidin p\u00ebrpara syve t\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebs. P\u00ebrsh\u00ebndetet si nj\u00eb triumf i vertet\u00eb. Mikelanxhelo ka krijuar simbolin m\u00eb t\u00eb fundit t\u00eb rezistenc\u00ebs ndaj familjes s\u00eb p\u00ebrmbysur Medici. Xhulio de Medici \u00ebsht\u00eb paracaktuar prift dhe kryemurg. Kush\u00ebriri i tij, Xhovani \u00ebsht\u00eb tashm\u00eb kardinal, por lidhjet e trye klerikale kan\u00eb shum\u00eb pak r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi, pa Firencen. Papa Julius II, edhe ai nga nj\u00eb familje e fuqishme, \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekjeve t\u00eb tyre. Me ndihm\u00ebn e tij, kush\u00ebrinjt\u00eb mbledhin nj\u00eb ushtri dhe nisen p\u00ebr Firence.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, Firence pa Medicit \u00ebsht\u00eb duke lul\u00ebzuar. P\u00ebrkund\u00ebr d\u00ebshirave t\u00eb Kish\u00ebs, Leonardo Da Vin\u00e7i hap trupat e kufomave p\u00ebr studime private anatomike. Me qytetin n\u00ebn rrezikun e pushtimit, ai dhe Mikelanxhelo ftohen q\u00eb t\u00eb prodhojn\u00eb afreske t\u00eb betejave t\u00eb famshme fiorentinase. Esht\u00eb nj\u00eb konkurenc\u00eb intriguese.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb 1512, mij\u00ebra trupa jan\u00eb duke marshuar drejt Toskan\u00ebs. Firence i k\u00ebrkon Nikolo Makiavelit, gjeniut politik, q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatis\u00eb mbrojtjen e saj. Ushtar\u00ebt q\u00eb ai st\u00ebrvit jan\u00eb shum\u00eb pak p\u00ebr ushtrin\u00eb e Medicit. Prato, nj\u00eb vend jasht\u00eb Firenc\u00ebs, shnd\u00ebrrohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb kasaphan\u00eb gjigande. Xhovani shpall masakr\u00ebn nj\u00eb veprim kund\u00ebr atyre q\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqen t\u2019i rezistojn\u00eb. Ka t\u00eb drejt\u00eb, lider\u00ebt e Firences dor\u00ebzohen. P\u00ebrmes dhun\u00ebs dhe terrorit, Medicit rimarrin kontrollin e qytetit, por jo besnik\u00ebrin\u00eb e popullit t\u00eb Firences.<\/p>\n

PAPA LEONI<\/strong><\/p>\n

Me vdekjen e Papa Juliusit, kardinal\u00ebt mblidhen n\u00eb Rom\u00eb. Ata harxhojn\u00eb kaq shum\u00eb koh\u00eb p\u00ebr zgjedhjen e nj\u00eb Pape t\u00eb ri, saq\u00eb vaktet e tyre reduktohen n\u00eb nj\u00eb pjat\u00eb aspak ndjell\u00ebse. Xhovani de Medici shpallet fitues dhe nga ky moment, ai do t\u00eb njihet si Papa Leoni X.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, Mikelanxhelo \u00ebsht\u00eb trembur p\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhmen e tij. A mundet q\u00eb suksesi i tij i koh\u00ebve t\u00eb fundit brenda Kapel\u00ebs Sistin\u00eb ta shp\u00ebtoj\u00eb nga zem\u00ebrimi i Medicit? Kush\u00ebrinjt\u00eb i b\u00ebjn\u00eb artistit nj\u00eb ofert\u00eb q\u00eb ai nuk mund ta refuzoj\u00eb, kur i k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtoj\u00eb varret e baballar\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre t\u00eb vdekur, Lorenco i Mrekullueshmi dhe Xhuliano de Medici. Tani, edhe vet\u00eb Makiaveli \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebrkim t\u00eb nj\u00eb pune n\u00eb regjimin e Leonit. Por plani i tij shkakton kund\u00ebrplasje dhe, i shtr\u00ebnguar n\u00eb m\u00ebrgim, ai harton nj\u00eb manifest p\u00ebr diktator\u00ebt e pam\u00ebshirsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Papa Leoni X nd\u00ebrton nj\u00eb reputacion p\u00ebr boll\u00ebk dhe luks t\u00eb tepruar, me dashurin\u00eb e tij p\u00ebr bankete me 65 pjata si dhe festa ekstravagante. D\u00ebshp\u00ebrimisht n\u00eb k\u00ebrkim t\u00eb parave kesh, ai nis t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb mjetin m\u00eb t\u00eb fundit p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb para, shitjen e indulgjencave. Agjent\u00eb t\u00eb Pap\u00ebs Leo X shesin indulgjenca papnore n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn, duke shkaktuar n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb zem\u00ebrimin e shum\u00ebkujt, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb at\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb murgu gjerman.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1517, Martin Luteri publikoi \u201c95 tezat\u201d duke i dh\u00ebn\u00eb k\u00ebshtu shk\u00ebndij\u00ebn nj\u00eb revolucioni fetar. Leoni p\u00ebrpiqet t\u00eb hesht\u00eb heretik\u00ebt, por zhytet n\u00eb nj\u00eb ngric\u00eb dim\u00ebrore. Kush\u00ebriri i tij, Xhulio kuror\u00ebzohet pas tij si Papa Klementi VII dhe atij i duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsoj\u00eb imazhin. Nj\u00eb detyr\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Pasojat e reformimit t\u00eb Luterit sjellin ushtri t\u00eb xhindosura n\u00eb dyert e Rom\u00ebs. Shum\u00eb prej tyre jan\u00eb Luteran\u00eb dhe ata e urrejn\u00eb Pap\u00ebn. N\u00eb 7 maj 1527, ushtar\u00eb gjerman\u00eb dynden n\u00eb Rom\u00eb. Klementi i shp\u00ebton masakr\u00ebs, por grabitja e Rom\u00ebs shnd\u00ebrrohet n\u00eb momentin m\u00eb t\u00eb err\u00ebt t\u00eb Rilindjes.<\/p>\n

Pas disa muajsh n\u00eb rrethim, Klementi arrin q\u00eb me an\u00eb t\u00eb parave t\u00eb blej\u00eb njer\u00ebz p\u00ebr ta ndihmuar t\u00eb dal\u00eb nga Roma e rr\u00ebnuar. Armiqt\u00eb e tij n\u00eb Firence jan\u00eb rebeluar, duke mar\u00eb peng t\u00eb vetmin trash\u00ebgimtar t\u00eb ligjsh\u00ebm t\u00eb familjes Medici. Katerina de Medici \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm 11 vje\u00e7are. Xhaxhai i saj, Klementi pranon q\u00eb t\u00eb hyj\u00eb paq\u00ebsisht n\u00eb Firence, n\u00eb k\u00ebmbim t\u00eb siguris\u00eb s\u00eb saj. Pas kat\u00ebr vitesh, ai e marton at\u00eb me djalin e Mbretit t\u00eb Franc\u00ebs, duke i garantuar edhe nj\u00eb her\u00eb famijes Medici nj\u00eb t\u00eb ardhme t\u00eb ndritur. Por dit\u00ebt e vet\u00eb Klementit jan\u00eb tashm\u00eb t\u00eb num\u00ebruara.<\/p>\n

GJYKIMI I FUNDIT<\/strong><\/p>\n

Klementi, n\u00eb \u00e7astet e fundit t\u00eb jet\u00ebs th\u00ebrret Mikelanxhelon q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoj\u00eb vepr\u00ebn e tij n\u00eb Kapel\u00ebn Sistin\u00eb. E jasht\u00ebzakonshmja \u201cGjykimi i Fundit\u201d do t\u00eb jet\u00eb edhe kthesa e fundit n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnien e Mikelanxhelos me Medicit. Por, Klementi nuk do t\u00eb jetoj\u00eb p\u00ebr ta par\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduar. N\u00eb vitin 1534, i lodhur e d\u00ebrrmuar tashm\u00eb nga trazirat e vet\u00eb mbret\u00ebrimit t\u00eb tij, ai vdes. Pushteti shkat\u00ebrrimtar i Pap\u00ebve Medici ka marr\u00eb fund.<\/p>\n

Firence, 1537: Alesandro de Medici, Duka i Firences prehet i vrar\u00eb n\u00eb shtratin e tij. Kush\u00ebrri i tij nxirret q\u00eb nga hijet p\u00ebr t\u00eb udh\u00ebhequr Firencen. Esht\u00eb vet\u00ebm 17 vje\u00e7. Rival\u00ebt e tij mendojn\u00eb se \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kukull, por pavar\u00ebsisht mosh\u00ebs, Kozimo de Medici, duka i ri i Firences \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb ambicioz.<\/p>\n

NJ\u00cb NJERI I RILINDUR<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kozimo b\u00ebn nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje me Xhorxhio Vasarin, nj\u00eb artist i gjithansh\u00ebm q\u00eb beson se Duka i ri ka potencial. N\u00eb mosh\u00eb t\u00eb re, Vasari kish qen\u00eb shp\u00ebtimtari i krahut t\u00eb thyer t\u00eb Davidit t\u00eb Mikelanxhelos. Tani, me miratimin e Kozimos, ai \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb mbik\u00ebqyr\u00eb riparimin e tij.<\/p>\n

Firence \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb qytet i rreziksh\u00ebm, dhe e fundit gj\u00eb q\u00eb Kozimo d\u00ebshiron \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoj\u00eb si kush\u00ebriri i tij. K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb, ai detyrohet t\u00eb nis\u00eb nj\u00eb regjim shum\u00eb rigoroz st\u00ebrvitjeje p\u00ebr t\u2019u ruajtur nga atentatet. Martesa e tij e men\u00e7ur me nj\u00eb princesh\u00eb spanjolle sjell nj\u00eb ushtri t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb si prik\u00eb. Me t\u00eb, ai nis t\u00eb mendoj\u00eb pushtimin e fqinj\u00ebve. Republika e Sien\u00ebs bie, dhe shum\u00eb shpejt edhe pjesa tjet\u00ebr e Toskan\u00ebs kapitullon p\u00ebrball\u00eb Medicit.<\/p>\n

Kozimo nuk vonon t\u00eb publicizoj\u00eb suksesin e tij. N\u00ebp\u00ebr muret e nd\u00ebrtes\u00ebs s\u00eb vjet\u00ebr t\u00eb qeveris\u00eb, ai porosit realizimin e afresk\u00ebve monumental\u00eb nga Vasari. Nj\u00eb ushtri pun\u00ebtor\u00ebsh mbush muret e pallatit mesjetar me legjenda kurajoje dhe arritjesh. Kozimo sigurohet q\u00eb \u00e7do brez i familjes s\u00eb tij t\u00eb ket\u00eb vendin e vet, duke e shnd\u00ebrruar qendr\u00ebn e republik\u00ebs s\u00eb vjet\u00ebr n\u00eb nj\u00eb tempull t\u00eb paturp p\u00ebr dinastin\u00eb Medici.<\/p>\n

Gjith\u00ebsesi, as kjo nuk mjafton p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebnaqur Dukesh\u00ebn e tij. E etur p\u00ebr madh\u00ebshti, Eleonora paguan 9000 florina p\u00ebr Pallatin Pitti, nj\u00eb fortes\u00eb shum\u00eb e madhe n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn jugore t\u00eb Arnosit. Siguria \u00ebsht\u00eb e mir\u00ebpritur. N\u00eb Firence ende ziejn\u00eb komplotet p\u00ebr vrasje, dhe Kozimo nuk shkon askund pa thika posht\u00eb pantallonave, si dhe parzmore n\u00ebn veshje.<\/p>\n

Por tashm\u00eb, i fiksuari pas kontrollit ka nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr problem. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb zot i nj\u00eb administrate komplekse, e menaxhuar nga zyra t\u00eb panum\u00ebrta t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb qytetin. Vasarit i k\u00ebrkohet t\u00eb ofroj\u00eb nd\u00ebrtesa p\u00ebr nj\u00eb administrat\u00eb t\u00eb centralizuar. Nd\u00ebrtesat e tij ngrihen n\u00eb t\u00eb dy an\u00ebt e nj\u00eb rruge me nj\u00eb korridor q\u00eb lidh t\u00eb dy krah\u00ebt. Fushat\u00ebs kulturore t\u00eb Kozimos i vihet kapaku me nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr t\u00eb shkruajtur nga Vasari, i cili i v\u00eb vul\u00ebn reputacionit t\u00eb Medicit nj\u00eb her\u00eb e p\u00ebrgjithmon\u00eb. \u201cJeta e artist\u00ebve\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb e para vep\u00ebr mbi historin\u00eb e artit.<\/p>\n

TRIUMF<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kozimo \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb n\u00eb fund i sigurt\u00eb. \u201cJam nj\u00eb sundimtar q\u00eb nuk pranon autoritetin e askujt, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 Zotit\u201d, thot\u00eb ai. As edhe dalja n\u00eb sken\u00eb e inkuizicionit t\u00eb tmerrsh\u00ebm roman nuk mund t\u00eb zbeh\u00eb suksesin e tij. Ai organzon nj\u00eb ceremoni publike p\u00ebr djegie librash, p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebnaqur urdh\u00ebrat e tyre t\u00eb censur\u00ebs. N\u00eb k\u00ebmbim, ai kuror\u00ebzohet Kozimo I, Duk\u00eb i Madh i Toskan\u00ebs nga vet\u00eb Papa. Me Kozimo I, de Medici kan\u00eb mb\u00ebrritur tashm\u00eb n\u00eb shkall\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb larta t\u00eb mbret\u00ebrive nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. Duken t\u00eb pakund\u00ebrshtuesh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Pas mbret\u00ebrimit t\u00eb Kozimos, shkenca nis t\u00eb p\u00ebrplaset gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb me doktrin\u00ebn katolike, nj\u00eb proces q\u00eb shfaqet e mish\u00ebrohet tek shkenc\u00ebtari m\u00eb i madh i koh\u00ebs, Galileo Galilei. P\u00ebr tre breza, Galilei u jep m\u00ebsime Duk\u00ebve t\u00eb M\u00ebdhenj t\u00eb Medicit, duke informuar nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht bot\u00ebn p\u00ebr astronomin\u00eb, gravitetin, shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb, pluskimin dhe koh\u00ebn. Por, n\u00eb momentin q\u00eb guxon t\u00eb thot\u00eb se Toka rrotullohet p\u00ebrreth Diellit, tashm\u00eb Pap\u00ebs i ka ardhur n\u00eb maj\u00eb t\u00eb hund\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Galileo th\u00ebrritet p\u00ebrpara Inkuizicionit n\u00eb Rom\u00eb dhe k\u00ebrc\u00ebnohet me tortur\u00eb. Medicit tashm\u00eb detyrohen q\u00eb t\u00eb zgjedhin, mes besnik\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb tyre ndaj Kish\u00ebs dhe besnik\u00ebris\u00eb ndaj vlerave t\u00eb Rilindjes. Ata zgjedhin rrug\u00ebn q\u00eb k\u00ebrkon m\u00eb pak rezistenc\u00eb, duke tradh\u00ebtuar Galileon. Me sa duket, nuk kan\u00eb arritur t\u00eb ruajn\u00eb tek vetja at\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb i ka b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb dallohen nga rival\u00ebt p\u00ebr breza t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb. Rilindja n\u00eb Itali merr fund.<\/p>\n

Ndon\u00ebse tashm\u00eb mbret\u00ebrimi i Medicit ka marr\u00eb fund, l\u00ebvizja q\u00eb ata kan\u00eb nisur afron m\u00eb pran\u00eb iluminimin, Epok\u00ebn e Arsyes dhe Bot\u00ebn Moderne. Shum\u00eb padron\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpqieshin t\u00eb ecnin n\u00eb gjurm\u00ebt e tyre, por asnj\u00ebri nuk do t\u00eb ishte n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb ngrihej n\u00eb nivelin e trash\u00ebgimis\u00eb s\u00eb Medicit, Kumbar\u00ebve t\u00eb Rilindjes.\/bota.al<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rr\u00ebfim i jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr nj\u00eb dinasti q\u00eb ka nj\u00eb vend t\u00eb padiskutuesh\u00ebm n\u00eb historin\u00eb e Europ\u00ebs. Bankier\u00ebt q\u00eb u pasuruan me bekimin edhe t\u00eb Vatikanit dhe e b\u00ebn\u00eb Firencen nj\u00eb qytet m\u00eb t\u00eb pangjash\u00ebm n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb kontinentin.\u00a0Historia e nj\u00eb familjeje, e mbushur me suksese, por edhe me shum\u00eb komplote, vrasje (edhe brenda Katedraleve) dhe […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11043,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,3,14,15],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nFamilja Medi\u00e7i, nj\u00eb rr\u00ebfim p\u00ebr t\u00eb pap\u00ebrs\u00ebritshmit - Informohu qart\u00ebsisht!<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/redaktori.com\/?p=11042\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sq_AL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Familja Medi\u00e7i, nj\u00eb rr\u00ebfim p\u00ebr t\u00eb pap\u00ebrs\u00ebritshmit - Informohu qart\u00ebsisht!\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Rr\u00ebfim i jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr nj\u00eb dinasti q\u00eb ka nj\u00eb vend t\u00eb padiskutuesh\u00ebm n\u00eb historin\u00eb e Europ\u00ebs. 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